tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-39903594803330760002024-03-28T02:14:22.202-07:00Age of RiesonWritten by an octogenarian - a woman who is a scientist and who taught chemistry most of her life. It will include posts about life and science and probably just about anything.Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.comBlogger149125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-70509800913297334072014-01-25T18:30:00.002-08:002014-01-25T18:33:48.197-08:00Old Age Life-threatening<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">I’ve just had my 89th birthday and I’m one of the fortunate ones who so far does not have a fatal illness of any kind. It occurs to me however that very old age is actually very like a life-threating ‘disease’. There are easily recognized symptoms of the onset of aging process that gradually get worse: you tire more easily, have problems with balance, become less active because of discomfort in joints, and as you lose stamina, you get frail and forgetful, don’t feel like engaging any longer and tend to let things go and to withdraw. As your body and mind deteriorate, you lose interest in life it can make for a very sad end. </span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">Since we recognize the symptoms of aging, I figure we should be able to treat them as we would other health conditions. Research verifies the fact that being proactive about any treatments that are available to ameliorate your health condition makes a tremendous difference to its progress. Having a positive attitude may be the most important factor. It is not an easy choice to decide to do the things that will keep the aging symptoms at bay, I know you must work on it and have the discipline and desire to do the things that will keep you fully alive into old age. </span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">First of all your body’s health is the top of the list. As we age we eat less and don’t assimilate the nutrients in our food as well. Click on <a href="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/fw08/olderadults.html" target="_blank">vitamin supplements</a> to read why they are highly recommended and to make sure your body is getting all the vitamins and minerals it need at the right dosage. It can be complicated and at the very least we need to take a recommended ‘One-a-day’ supplement meant for the elderly. Keeping body </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px; text-decoration: underline;">and </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">mind active can make a tremendous difference on the well being and duration of your aging experience. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl1G2p80T2g1mTLXH0ZOq9TN-21SPe8o4CRjiumGs-XksfCMjxSSMBvx7Gv5D1iO-dyqX3mQgZuFEgCzgUDA7Yk7sjx5ahGJACWKJpjD5zcLpI-xHk7d2BhyMLwBNtlXPuNxYnuq-qVHk-/s1600/2-resolution+judgemental.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl1G2p80T2g1mTLXH0ZOq9TN-21SPe8o4CRjiumGs-XksfCMjxSSMBvx7Gv5D1iO-dyqX3mQgZuFEgCzgUDA7Yk7sjx5ahGJACWKJpjD5zcLpI-xHk7d2BhyMLwBNtlXPuNxYnuq-qVHk-/s1600/2-resolution+judgemental.jpg" height="131" width="400" /></a><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">One fact I hadn’t fully expected is that as I get really old, less and less is expected of me and I have much <b>more time </b>to do with as I will. With all of today’s distractions, it is easy to be lazy mentally - old age is not only life-threatening but also mind-threatening - so I actually made a few resolutions this year to tether my tendency to drift. I printed them out and pinned them up so they are often in my face and give structure to my day. I’ve set aside definite times to exercise and to work on current projects related to my long term goals. I am finding I’m happier about wasting time when I have made every day count by doing something worthwhile to mark its passing. But the biggest effect I’ve notice even in the few weeks since doing it, is how much better and stronger I feel because I’m exercising regularly every day. Even though I have to force myself to be more active. I can see already that it has made a positive difference </span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">One of my long term goals has to do with writing down my personal philosophy I’ve worked out over a lifetime and how the ‘world view’ has changed during my long life. Actually, back in 2010 in my first blog posting what I wrote still holds:</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"> ‘<i>Most of what I’ve learned, insights I’ve had, and what goes on in my mind will be lost forever when I go. That is unless, of course, I should write. It’s sort of amazing that through the written word an ordinary person like me can leave a permanent record behind. I think each of us is unique and should leave some sort of written legacy - but it is not easy. Most of us are like me - not real ‘writers’ who are clever with words and have a compulsion to write but I often think what a wonderful gift it would have been if my grandparents who died before I was born had written something about themselves. Another advantage of the written word is that the reader has the choice to peruse what I have to say or not.</i></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">I’m planning to follow my own advice and fight the progress of the worst aspects of old age - my hope is to be fully alive and engaged as long as I live! Rie<br />
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Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com20tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-34857477760882713642013-11-26T18:41:00.000-08:002013-12-01T10:45:45.419-08:00Merino wool <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">I have a friend who has been hearing incredible stories about the wonders of Merino wool and insists that if I can find out why it has such unusual properties, it might just be the impetus to get me posting blogs again after my long silence. In the process of course, she expects to get some in-depth answers. </span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">The rise to fame of Merino ‘Icebreaker’ garments all started nearly 20 years ago when Sir Peter Blake, a New Zealander who circumnavigated the world and wore his merino shirt for a solid 40 days and nights. At the end of the test he was amazed to report that it smelled as sweet as the day he put it on. There have been lots of tests since to see if those who normally sweat heavily and suffer from BO [Body Odour] had similar results. They did. In fact the reports say that the Merino wool garment did not ever appear to be wet! To explain, you need to know that sweat is just water with some salts in it and it has no smell itself. However, if the sweat stays on your skin , bacteria that are always present are activated and multiply and they are the culprits that have the bad smell. <b>So if there’s no moisture on the skin, there’s no smell from you!</b> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA-5rHknG8noFLV_8UXjkJsCsOnxXJc8PEjT-dSFIL70ycBDlTvXzOCrm15mclQvekckNg9wACfMkOI0J1S1MvhsxmuhnjUgal_rhhxSCJzp742P27JoB2Rg8BtGEubo8Nj60q_nro4aaG/s1600/Unknown-1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA-5rHknG8noFLV_8UXjkJsCsOnxXJc8PEjT-dSFIL70ycBDlTvXzOCrm15mclQvekckNg9wACfMkOI0J1S1MvhsxmuhnjUgal_rhhxSCJzp742P27JoB2Rg8BtGEubo8Nj60q_nro4aaG/s200/Unknown-1.jpeg" width="200" /></a><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">You would be right to jump to the conclusion that if you wear a Merino wool garment next to your skin the Merino wool must be able to absorb water quickly and hold onto it so that your skin stays dry. In fact, as the picture on the right shows, marino wool fibres are scaly and they have a very strong tendency to bind water in their structure - actually they can absorb over 1/3 their own weight in water - wicking it away from the skin and holding on to it until it evaporates. In the meantime the merino garment still feels dry to the touch and has the same insulating ability. </span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: #101010;">I heard an even more amazing story recently about an acquaintance who was wearing merino wool socks while he was trekking up north. While crossing a frozen lake he broke through the ice and got one foot soaking wet. He had no alternative but to continue the trek and much to his surprise, he said his sock kept his foot warm all day - it appeared to act like the</span><a href="http://scuba.about.com/od/equipment/p/How-Does-A-Wetsuit-Keep-A-Scuba-Diver-Warm-Underwater.htm" target="_blank"><span style="color: #101010;"> ’</span><span style="color: #3d85c6;">wetsuit’</span></a><span style="color: #101010;"> a diver would wear in cold water - the Merino sock made a good insulator restricting loss of body heat whether it was wet or dry. </span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">The diameter of natural wool fibres can be anywhere between 10 to 55 µm (1000 µm = 1 mm) as the highly magnified picture on the left shows - a human hair is around 100 µm. The picture also shows that the surface of all wool fibres - no matter what their diameter - is made up of scales and it is the large scales on most traditional wools that act like barbs against your skin and for most people makes it feel uncomfortably itchy. Merino wool on the other hand feels like silk.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">I’ve saved the best for the last! Although Merino wool garments never smell, you may want to wash them occasionally! It’s easy - Merino clothing is machine washable so just toss them in the machine with the rest of your clothes. </span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">Researching for this post has led me to find out far more about the ancient breed of Merino sheep. If you want more, click on <a href="http://www.sheep101.info/index.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Merino 101</span></a>. Rie</span></div>
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Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-84858256854582022352013-04-08T19:09:00.001-07:002013-04-08T19:49:39.302-07:00Where’s George?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">My lifelong partner, my husband for 64 years, and
my best friend, died of heart failure on March 28. He was 89 and he was ready to go.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">That will explain why I have not been posting for the last
month. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">At the Visitation and Celebration of <a href="http://www.inmemoriam.ca/view-announcement-356844-george-macbeath.html" target="_blank">George’s life</a> last week, people would have noticed that there was no body present nor was
there an urn of ashes. Instead we framed the following statement beside his
picture:</span><br />
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It was George’s request that his body be donated for the advancement of
medical education and research.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On his
death, arrangements were made through our local Provincial Department of Health with the Inspector of Anatomy Services, for his remains to be transported directly
from the hospital to Dalhousie University <a href="http://medical-neuroscience.medicine.dal.ca/donation/" target="_blank">Faculty of Medicine</a>, the University Medical School where our
daughter received her MD.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There his remains
will be used to teach medical students and for research.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This summer we will have a family Memorial and plant an oak tree in his memory at our summer house. George’s ashes will be
returned to us in due course and be used to nourish the tree.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">George was a museum man and writer and <a href="http://www.cbc.ca/informationmorningfredericton/2013/04/04/george-macbeath/" target="_blank">gave of himself</a> throughout a long life in which he was privileged to play a role in seeing that the history of his Province and Canada were preserved for future
generations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With the donation of his
remains, he continues to give of himself for the good of others. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">George was the love of my life and as I mourn that he is gone, I am comforted by the realization that he lives on in my memories and in the memories of those of us who knew him well. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> I like to think that </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a person like George is never really gone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I feel that, in a lovely way, he lives on in those he knew and influenced and, through them, to younger generations. Rie</span><br />
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Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-25381462635832667942013-03-13T13:46:00.001-07:002013-03-13T16:55:02.907-07:00Speculations on life’s origins<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9YkmPqbfmFZnZUqUKtnCGiz3VXwLvd0SA3_usfTFv958-MjW94ijaDoU_r2KZxQDfNfUHZU1aBFkaQ0rNdRYL3CEupsvSZuPb9an6jIs0ej24bzTtEqcTRtop6j3RMp1g4pJaq_vhcRSA/s1600/world+map+vents.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9YkmPqbfmFZnZUqUKtnCGiz3VXwLvd0SA3_usfTFv958-MjW94ijaDoU_r2KZxQDfNfUHZU1aBFkaQ0rNdRYL3CEupsvSZuPb9an6jIs0ej24bzTtEqcTRtop6j3RMp1g4pJaq_vhcRSA/s1600/world+map+vents.jpeg" /></a></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">In my last post I described what
it was like on Earth some 3.8 billion years ago when evidence indicates that
life first appeared on Earth. The atmosphere was made up of volcanic gases like
carbon dioxide</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">, methane, sulfur dioxide, ammonia etc. but no oxygen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That meant there was no ozone layer in the
upper atmosphere to absorb the ultraviolet rays of the sun that cause chemical
bonds between atoms to break. That meant that for chemistry to become more
advanced and life to</span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> originate,
it had to have happened in an environment where there was a source of energy and that
was away from the light of the sun.</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjeyupvpZ1iPwQjYW-OeT7Cizu1S9dlY6Ny29uhFbsm-6loJUye0LZXKj18uyTIyg5_we7VSq0kJfZlQvLMfmbUNCE_TrMtzwDwXgtg9dOd-GILzd0EqArr-g2gA8Sz5Y_56P0ruzkHcr0/s1600/black+smoker+vent.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjeyupvpZ1iPwQjYW-OeT7Cizu1S9dlY6Ny29uhFbsm-6loJUye0LZXKj18uyTIyg5_we7VSq0kJfZlQvLMfmbUNCE_TrMtzwDwXgtg9dOd-GILzd0EqArr-g2gA8Sz5Y_56P0ruzkHcr0/s200/black+smoker+vent.jpeg" width="136" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Just such an
environment was provided in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent" target="_blank">hydrothermal vents</a> deep in the ocean.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the map upper left, these vents are indicated by the red dots and are commonly found near places
where the Earth’s <a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2012/03/earths-crust.html" target="_blank">tectonic plates</a> are moving apart and sea water seeps
into cracks in the Earth’s crust. This causes superheated seawater rich in
dissolved inorganic compounds, to spew out of the vents and they supply the
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemosynthesis" target="_blank">chemical energy </a>to support up to 100,000 times as many more living organisms as
ordinary seawater. These organisms depend on populations of microorganisms that
ingest sulfur compounds for their energy to stay alive and reproduce </span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">. At first these<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemosynthesis" target="_blank"> </a>strange microoranisms,
that could withstand such tremendous heat and pressure in the dark depth of the
oceans, were thought to be a special type of bacteria but, with the advent of the
relatively new science of genetics, astonishingly, an entirely new form of life
called Archaea were identified in the early 1970’s – see the ‘Tree of Life’
diagram below on the left.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYGR3_VK4lUc6kzS91Wos_nuHatsSfh-B5evqUi44kOQRBgsaC5kuphbuJXZlc_c34W4aRWDF-63XamXCk5yW5gDdvopv_htVgpRVPsv1nA_VGxDSJ3UA_3zOUhclME7w_TxIBWvYn5mrc/s1600/archaea.tif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="162" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYGR3_VK4lUc6kzS91Wos_nuHatsSfh-B5evqUi44kOQRBgsaC5kuphbuJXZlc_c34W4aRWDF-63XamXCk5yW5gDdvopv_htVgpRVPsv1nA_VGxDSJ3UA_3zOUhclME7w_TxIBWvYn5mrc/s320/archaea.tif" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">At present, the
most popularly held speculations about how life started on Earth center on
thermal vents but, for lack of conclusive evidence, there are still at least 7
<a href="http://www.livescience.com/13363-7-theories-origin-life.html" target="_blank">plausible theories</a> and there have been lots of suggestions
that life might have had a free ride on comets from other star systems. Actually,
even if life came from outer space, the question of how life began there would still
remain. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Whatever theory prevails - </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">eventually
a loop of chemical reactions occurred in a closed environment that could reproduce
itself. Self replication is the fundamental aspect of what we call life because
it means there is a whole new set of rules that, once started, takes over <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>– Darwin’s law of natural selection. The
replicas react to their immediate environment and if they possess some change
from the original parent, then the offspring can survive normally only if the change is
an improvement on the parental design.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Since there have been many</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">inevitable errors in replication and thus improvements,
it is easy to imagine how step-by-step more complex and adaptable offspring
proliferated. Evolution was unstoppable. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Indeed all the evidence points to a
single ancestor from which all other life forms on Earth evolved. As a case in
point, all the DNA and RNA molecules found in every living cell have a
structure such that the information on replication is in a particularly reliable
arrangement as is the energy storage system using the </span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><a href="http://www.worldofmolecules.com/life/atp.htm" target="_blank">Adenosine
triphosphate</a></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.worldofmolecules.com/life/atp.htm" target="_blank"> </a>[ATP] molecule. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">A number of
scientific teams are using their impressive know-how and ingenuity to try to
create life in an artificial environment but I must say I am concerned about
their efforts!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are tampering with
the very basis of our existence and - as is illustrated by what has happened
here on Earth – once started, life is amazingly persistent. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It also happens to be <a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2012/08/chirality-revisited.html" target="_blank">chiral</a> and in a
posting I did on right and left handedness in molecules shows, getting it wrong
just in that one sense could be fatal. Rie<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-9398532038307258352013-02-21T19:07:00.003-08:002013-03-08T17:18:18.818-08:00Origin of life<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdgCyUk4v35eFixbQkoQZcc4T3RddtFI5xPzSbrw_AAFYOZixBaQraBY-GfH8Zfgm2Yhd2zVfID1NTxniGppQwU00xGf5gcFNnwIBkYJqlA_bVemhPkaLz2G1ogG-QqKRjFbkQdOR3QZ96/s1600/volcano.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdgCyUk4v35eFixbQkoQZcc4T3RddtFI5xPzSbrw_AAFYOZixBaQraBY-GfH8Zfgm2Yhd2zVfID1NTxniGppQwU00xGf5gcFNnwIBkYJqlA_bVemhPkaLz2G1ogG-QqKRjFbkQdOR3QZ96/s1600/volcano.jpeg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mostly for my own
satisfaction, in my last couple of posts I have written of what is known about
the beginnings of our Universe in the 'Big Bang'; how the elements were formed in Supernova
explosions of huge early stars that ejected clouds of interstellar dust called
nebulae; and finally the formation of our sun and its solar system in one such
nebula. At the end of that last post I promised that in this one, I would
summarize what is known about how life got started on Earth. I will keep that
promise but it’s going to take a couple of postings to do so.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">For those who may regularly
visit my site, you will have noticed that, for the first time in 2 ½ years I
have missed my self-imposed Sunday morning deadline this week. The main reason was
that as I researched the topic of the origin of life on Earth, I was on a very
steep learning curve and on Sunday, I still had a lot to understand before I
was ready to write anything on such a momentous topic. It’s been a fascinating
journey and I’ve enjoyed the experience so much I didn’t want to stop until I
was satisfied I had a pretty good grasp of the subject. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">So picking up the saga from the last posting where
we left a molten Earth to cool and to form and reform</span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> the <a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2012/03/earths-crust.html" target="_blank">Earth’s continents</a>, around
4 billion years ago, most molecules were probably moving slowly enough that
when they collided, they interpenetrated and reacted chemically by exchanging
or sharing their surface electrons. Constant volcanic eruptions would have
released huge clouds that mostly contained water vapour, and carbon dioxide [CO<sub>2</sub>],
with lesser amounts of methane [CH<sub>4</sub>], sulfur dioxide [SO<sub>2</sub>],
nitrogen, carbon monoxide [CO], ammonia [NH<sub>3</sub>], hydrogen sulfide [H<sub>2</sub>S]
and others; gases that contained all the main elements essential for life. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><br /></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPj4fjFxWGiK60nchKGdl5HO0xsQxjoPKSHVq27xQYAV_SHkd2wt1zs6vd2SXjSKM8cZJ-X-gXgYqdgYzTj_9kPvKXgbzTrPul_7vnRFIkVC64Z1aBurPPa4Curwh3Xkk5AOyluhkT-SHE/s1600/Miller+urey+exp.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPj4fjFxWGiK60nchKGdl5HO0xsQxjoPKSHVq27xQYAV_SHkd2wt1zs6vd2SXjSKM8cZJ-X-gXgYqdgYzTj_9kPvKXgbzTrPul_7vnRFIkVC64Z1aBurPPa4Curwh3Xkk5AOyluhkT-SHE/s1600/Miller+urey+exp.jpeg" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Miller-Urey experiment </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">The water vapour condensed and rained
down in torrential storms that created the oceans while frequent lightening flashes
helped cause the evolution of Chemistry to create ever more complex <a href="http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Organic_molecule" target="_blank">organic</a></span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> molecules. The experiment performed in
1953 by<a href="http://www.chem.duke.edu/~jds/cruise_chem/Exobiology/miller.html" target="_blank"> Miller and Urey</a> was the first to prove that molecules of life
like amino acids were formed in this manner. This important discovery inspired
a multitude of further experiments that in turn produced an amazing variety of
the molecules of life - like the nucleotide base, adenine for instance, which is one of the
most important organic molecules for life as we know it today. Adenine is an
integral part of DNA, which is found in every cell and spells out the genetic
code used for directing the chemistry of cellular life. Adenine and similar
nucleotide bases are found also in RNA, a smaller molecule that actually reads
the DNA code and is the catalyst that performs the chemistry that it dictates.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 16pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We have
known for many years that life depends on chemical reactions to exist and that life
itself is a special form of chemistry in which the reactions are self-contained
and self-sustaining and that they lead to their own replication and therefore
growth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So when we think of the origin
of life, we see that the organic molecules involved in the chemistry of life were present; there were the abundant sources of energy available to <a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2010/11/entropy-reversed.html" target="_blank">push chemistry</a> between them toward ever more complex interactions, and it is in the evolutionary nature of phenomena of many natural <a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2011/09/quantum-leaps-in-evolution.html" target="_blank">emergent events</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>that have occurred on Earth that some form of primitive life would have evolved. By its very nature however its origins could leave us no fossil record and so we are left to speculate until life can be started, with the right conditions and compounds, in the laboratory. </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 16pt;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This week
I’ve enjoyed not feeling the constraint – self imposed though it may have been – of having to meet a deadline on Sundays so have decided to just post when I have found something new and interesting that I feel compelled to write
about. I’ll be back soon with more on
what is known about the beginnings of life on our planet. Rie </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></div>
<!--EndFragment--></div>
Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-35313105724748046642013-02-10T06:28:00.000-08:002013-02-10T13:20:04.374-08:00Birth of Earth<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRpybxU2slzNOQ1qYs8E2qeDzkb0G5mrrdLYdJ9oTewrQk6tRmmsixURtMzj85TBSXaoNTtUGM9mwvtx1NW7EHFQOFF_TY8Dke3ItTD_JEWG36J0qSluxwSul5kNG0T7ZRjFFhq59XEOrE/s1600/Eagle_nebula_pillars_complete.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="153" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRpybxU2slzNOQ1qYs8E2qeDzkb0G5mrrdLYdJ9oTewrQk6tRmmsixURtMzj85TBSXaoNTtUGM9mwvtx1NW7EHFQOFF_TY8Dke3ItTD_JEWG36J0qSluxwSul5kNG0T7ZRjFFhq59XEOrE/s200/Eagle_nebula_pillars_complete.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The beautiful Eagle Nebula</td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">In
my last post I described the dying of a huge star in a spectacular <a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2013/02/supernova.html" target="_blank">supernova</a>
explosion that spewed out chemically enriched dust and gases that formed a
<a href="http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2012/03/nebular-clouds-the-engines-of-rna-worlds.html" target="_blank">nebula cloud</a> out
of which a solar system like ours emerge. It is because astronomers have
studied new solar systems in various stages of evolution, that we now have well
accepted theories about how our own developed. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Apparently,
under the force of its own gravity the portion of the nebula cloud from which we came into
being, contracted over a period of around 10 million years or so and, as </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-language: EN-US;">it shrank, material was drawn in from space around it. The increasing amount of matter resulted in a larger gravitational
pull and made material speed inward </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;">ever faster. W</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-language: EN-US;">hen this mass smashed into the center, its energy of motion was transformed into heat energy and
the temperature increased until it reached around 15 million degrees. At that
temperature, the nuclei of hydrogen atoms are moving so fast that when they
collide, they fuse forming Helium nuclei and give off incredible amounts of heat and light energy. That is the story of how our sun was born in our corner of cold dark space. The marvelous
process by which stars are created is more fully illustrated in a posting I did on the<a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2010/11/sun.html" target="_blank"> sun</a></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-language: EN-US;"> a couple of years ago.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1-y2PbwaEV5Vg2lJK-dV778OhrM2ClbgYj-my5f7WLUE078KBc64EYtGaFifuXchTufny0lZm2TPw2Ou_R16L6A_Ga6CeqyzSilmquMGQiYIzGfBF3wZPoSHK_uZ4Nos0QBvPK1POaEs-/s1600/Solar+system+1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="125" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1-y2PbwaEV5Vg2lJK-dV778OhrM2ClbgYj-my5f7WLUE078KBc64EYtGaFifuXchTufny0lZm2TPw2Ou_R16L6A_Ga6CeqyzSilmquMGQiYIzGfBF3wZPoSHK_uZ4Nos0QBvPK1POaEs-/s200/Solar+system+1.jpeg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-language: EN-US;">In the process of its formation, the sun had
pulled in 99.86% of the matter in its vicinity and the slight rotation of the
nebula cloud had speeded up so that the remaining 0.14% of matter formed
into planets that had just enough speed that they didn’t fall into the sun but orbited around it. As the
planets grew by sweeping up the all the dust and rocky debris in their
orbits, the birth of the sun sent out a blast of solar wind that cleared out
all the remaining dust and rubble.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmVJyYNApI2j1ntJGyyICqS3KBwh1foMn9H5xOd947Aof8m6kghoxksfULxkcSL2_doCDyQBWLq7oaR9UVIHrSPfhMx7Tzk1JVHyGPnESss0NiqadsS9do5a7gaUQv2dAu_91ZR_KwMRvH/s1600/images.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmVJyYNApI2j1ntJGyyICqS3KBwh1foMn9H5xOd947Aof8m6kghoxksfULxkcSL2_doCDyQBWLq7oaR9UVIHrSPfhMx7Tzk1JVHyGPnESss0NiqadsS9do5a7gaUQv2dAu_91ZR_KwMRvH/s200/images.jpeg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Click on picture to enlarge & read the<br />
thickness of the layers of Earth's interior</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-language: EN-US;">It’s interesting to have a look at the <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_mcC8kFacrk&NR=1&feature=endscreen" target="_blank">video simulation</a></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of all of this happening.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The video also depicts the Earth in its early years
when it was a molten mass and the heavy liquefied iron-nickel alloy sank to the
center. Not mentioned is that the Earth’s mantle is kept molten by radioactive elements like uranium
that give off heat as they decay. The story of the cooling of our planet and
how our continents formed is told in some detail in an earlier post about the <a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2012/03/earths-crust.html" target="_blank">‘Earth’s Crust’</a>. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-language: EN-US;">Earth turned out to be the only one of the
eight planets in our solar system that was at just the right distance from the sun to have a temperature
range suitable for life. It has been speculated for years that
there are other planets like ours in the Universe but it is the recent detection of
billions of new planets that sparked my interest in going back to the very
beginning and writing about the spectacular events that eventually produced our planet
Earth. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-language: EN-US;">It is obvious that it has been a natural process and now, with the
confirmation of so many other planetary systems, the probability that other
intelligent beings exist becomes more real. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;">The problem is, with what we know of the Laws of
Physics, it would take us at least 75,000 years to just reach the closest star
similar to our own. That means we’ve no place to go if we don’t smarten up and
keep our beautiful planet Earth habitable. For me it also increases the importance of the <a href="http://www.setileague.org/general/whatseti.htm" target="_blank">SETI [Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence]</a> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;">program that searches for non-natural radio signals from sections of space outside our Solar System. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-language: EN-US;">Next week, if I find enough time to research
it, the subject of my post will be what we know about how life started on Earth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Rie</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-19959306948779525932013-02-03T07:27:00.000-08:002013-02-03T15:10:47.754-08:00Supernova <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkXOoaQ29fXYjcqt3vBUyuuhI6mH2tDMApUTOGvZ2fmPafvgo67lh9nz60RGFZYnoLbrO8FT9HRaVcfOU_DyyKKNGPgPzy7KEgEOWPnDgA57Sb5w1xR_IOsXs7Vi2zVIL2v6-g29kYR-0t/s1600/DownloadedFile.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkXOoaQ29fXYjcqt3vBUyuuhI6mH2tDMApUTOGvZ2fmPafvgo67lh9nz60RGFZYnoLbrO8FT9HRaVcfOU_DyyKKNGPgPzy7KEgEOWPnDgA57Sb5w1xR_IOsXs7Vi2zVIL2v6-g29kYR-0t/s200/DownloadedFile.jpeg" width="191" /></a></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">There are just over 100 elements
in our Universe and many of them are found in each of us. I’ve been fascinated
to learn over the years about how the elements were first created in the stars and
then made available throughout our Galaxy so that they were accessible when we
were evolving on planet Earth. I will attempt to tell that story in this post
so that its marvels and violence are clearly revealed.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">It’s a well-accepted
scientific theory that in the beginning there was the ‘Big Bang’ when our Universe
exploded into being as a </span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">condensed
state of pure energy. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">That happened about 13.7 billion years ago and ever since i</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">t has been expanding. E</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">vidence suggests that energy was converted into the most basic
particles of matter </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">through the relationship<b> </b>Einstein revealed
in his famous equation: </span><br />
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> <b>E=mc</b><sup><b>2 </b></sup></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">where E stands for energy; m, for mass and </span><br />
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> c<sup>2</sup></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">, for the enormous speed of light multiplied by
itself. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many thousands of years later when
things cooled further, atoms, most of them of the simplest element, Hydrogen, formed from the
basic particles and the stage was set for the first suns to be born.</span><br />
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM-I9NCChaRSkCFlyFpfASunXWAZozm-tf58CRWkSD-K7V7A68Bznh3Lg1SN85lHEJBxOaVHciCq-7uPHIGhzV2z4AbTP5Pn5u6Sz6DtfThD5ko9pQbEVOptaS-zox7HhnL7Tvn5Pe33oH/s1600/DownloadedFile.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM-I9NCChaRSkCFlyFpfASunXWAZozm-tf58CRWkSD-K7V7A68Bznh3Lg1SN85lHEJBxOaVHciCq-7uPHIGhzV2z4AbTP5Pn5u6Sz6DtfThD5ko9pQbEVOptaS-zox7HhnL7Tvn5Pe33oH/s200/DownloadedFile.jpeg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial;">The distribution of matter
was not entirely uniform in the early Universe and g</span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">iant clouds of hydrogen tended to coelesce as the force of gravity drew them together. As the mass of the accumulation
increased, the gravitational force became ever stronger until the nuclei of the
Hydrogen atoms were smashing into each other so fast that they fused, forming the
nucleus of the next heavier element Helium that, though made of two Hydrogen nuclei, weighs a little less. That mass was converted to heat energy and the
temperature increased to around 15 million degrees Celsius.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To see a simulation of this process in which
a star is born, click on the <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fSr3V498A3I" target="_blank">video</a>.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifrr4QHsrtmg8lIQNICDbzCwOVlb-AKeBhtxOdvYlTCKftycKIDNZZP5JO-c6OaMDyziPqofDYiwrJ1O_RjnzQszu_gXRAyeOBMyhyPFnJ8vFD1WZRtWq7bxwNDI6OadX_mb5bs5-oAV3R/s1600/Periodic+table.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifrr4QHsrtmg8lIQNICDbzCwOVlb-AKeBhtxOdvYlTCKftycKIDNZZP5JO-c6OaMDyziPqofDYiwrJ1O_RjnzQszu_gXRAyeOBMyhyPFnJ8vFD1WZRtWq7bxwNDI6OadX_mb5bs5-oAV3R/s200/Periodic+table.jpeg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">The colossal
stars in the early universe were 1000 times larger than our sun and when all
the Hydrogen was used up and converted to Helium, the core contracted. That caused an
increase in temperature and the Helium nuclei began to fuse, again giving off
energy, and forming the nuclei of the element Carbon. When all the Helium is
used up, shrinkage again increases the temperature and carbon nuclei fuse. In the
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uKqvjEE0wFg" target="_blank">video</a> showing this,</span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> I love how the two guys tell the story
of how each element is formed until you come to the element Iron. When iron nuclei fuse, no mass is lost and so no energy is created
and the star dies and begins to collapse inward. As the core falls in on itself,
it bounces off sending a wave of material outward that hits the wave of
the matter collapsing from the outer layers and then a stupendous explosion
occurs called a supernova that flashes in the sky with the light equivalent to
that given off by 4 billion smaller stars like ours and can be seen from Earth. In that whole energetic
process, the rest of the elements are formed and spewed with tremendous
momentum throughout the galaxy as stardust. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">We are made of that stardust!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rie</span></div>
<!--EndFragment--></div>
Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-46713100563949218812013-01-27T07:51:00.000-08:002013-01-30T12:04:07.308-08:00Healthy Aging<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<!--StartFragment-->
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR9cOxbCI0J3FygSg2KiJfh3kkIpdFOxzUps3bfw8_tYGYBtF-7euq7Zlp9TB6tDooM4IaKdQJCt5NdijXAmZrczaHpryJOtigazt8LC_UdbjyjzOupQxgT0jPmgkNpAkXw3QbSy6zWURN/s1600/MacBeath,+Dr-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR9cOxbCI0J3FygSg2KiJfh3kkIpdFOxzUps3bfw8_tYGYBtF-7euq7Zlp9TB6tDooM4IaKdQJCt5NdijXAmZrczaHpryJOtigazt8LC_UdbjyjzOupQxgT0jPmgkNpAkXw3QbSy6zWURN/s200/MacBeath,+Dr-1.jpg" width="149" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Lyn MacBeath, Rie’s </i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>eldest daughter,has </i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>asked to be an invited </i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>guest for this blo</i>g,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgimnwXDqz9VTTv_WeUQljDvtKh4Gn9XM9LMc2BhrIMmop-ZE0VQdxBxSOhAM2asb9-qMtm2XvR7E4JO67z7BWOGSpfZb-tdIUVY-loxL8Y8MnOuSXz2OGPMltTRuxhcKzt7ILiyhZqLydm/s1600/Rie_88.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgimnwXDqz9VTTv_WeUQljDvtKh4Gn9XM9LMc2BhrIMmop-ZE0VQdxBxSOhAM2asb9-qMtm2XvR7E4JO67z7BWOGSpfZb-tdIUVY-loxL8Y8MnOuSXz2OGPMltTRuxhcKzt7ILiyhZqLydm/s200/Rie_88.jpg" width="187" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rie is a shining example of someone<br />
who has adapted and evolved as the<br />
years have passed. I will use her as an <br />
example of healthy aging from a<br />
psychological perspective</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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I am honoured to celebrate Rie’s 88<sup>th</sup> birthday by
writing about healthy aging from psychological perspectives. It’s an ideal time
to reflect on my amazing mother especially because turning 88 - double ‘8’ - is an auspicious
age in some Oriental cultures, and a remarkable amount of life experience in
anyone’s books.</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
Rie is no stranger to adversity, she has made the most of her life
and done her best to share her time and wisdom with others.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixBYQeh-8b6a9mjVHqTZXkfRQwsXsxpSJrgZ0uqm3hTtSxgGro3CexssCRhiL0aYrFvwtYZNyezJNuAzlqknZ6M5H2EK3XZ0-WFuk5ugUoLdlHsE0vBlGukLBrMDS5f-TLtPdbtd7Qwcfp/s1600/Math+is+fun.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixBYQeh-8b6a9mjVHqTZXkfRQwsXsxpSJrgZ0uqm3hTtSxgGro3CexssCRhiL0aYrFvwtYZNyezJNuAzlqknZ6M5H2EK3XZ0-WFuk5ugUoLdlHsE0vBlGukLBrMDS5f-TLtPdbtd7Qwcfp/s200/Math+is+fun.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">As each decade of her life has passed<br />
Rie has continued to engage, grow,<br />
learn and teach. Lifelong learning has<br />
been a major source of her passion<br />
and enthusiasm each day. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I am a physician who has specialized in psychiatry, a branch
of medicine devoted to promoting mental health in the course of treating mental
illness. I’ve been interested in how to age well for as long as I can remember
and worked in the field of geriatrics for a number of years. I’ve learned the
most about aging from my family and my patients, not from textbooks. My
paternal grandfather was a teacher who delighted in showing me ways he was
adapting to aging, including his worsening memory. Before he’d leave the house
he’d recite: “Spectacles, testicles, wallet and watch,” to make sure he hadn’t
forgotten anything, (while making the sign of the cross with an impish
expression on this face). My maternal grandmother loved to read her favourite
books to us. I was caught up with how archeologist Arthur Evans discovered Knossos
on the island of Crete. And how Farley Mowat peed around his campsite to let
the wolves know - in language they’d understand – that this was his home, not theirs.
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFz8UVi7OWbxukpEYpHzze6HzXtJxgGGNlz8qfSIPsPHDX4iYNSpAVDYISqDxN5n6EJGEvMXk1EF7P1NLkgFsw2jZTZXi5jYy8Yc496K3-Sqm7VEGE34qHRdwxLXfqAv7WQRWNwT8bt_cx/s1600/Rie+walking+sticks.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFz8UVi7OWbxukpEYpHzze6HzXtJxgGGNlz8qfSIPsPHDX4iYNSpAVDYISqDxN5n6EJGEvMXk1EF7P1NLkgFsw2jZTZXi5jYy8Yc496K3-Sqm7VEGE34qHRdwxLXfqAv7WQRWNwT8bt_cx/s200/Rie+walking+sticks.JPG" width="125" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rie uses walking sticks<br />
when she is outside to<br />
give support and maintain<br />
balance. They also give<br />
her upper body a workout </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
My grandparents modeled how to savour what we can do, to see
the glass as ‘half full’ despite the inevitable losses that come with aging. We
shared giggles and a sense wonder. Becoming old could be a grand adventure. Imagine
what life could be like having years of life experience and knowing who you
are. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Gerontologists recognize two skill-sets to be developed in the
process of healthy aging. One is ‘<a href="http://www.enotes.com/successful-aging-salem/successful-aging" target="_blank">successful aging</a>’ and the
other ‘<a href="http://www.hrmoody.com/art4.html" target="_blank">conscious aging’</a>. Successful aging is about adaptation
to diminishments, allowing us to continue to do the things we have enjoyed
doing through our lives. Conscious aging is about inner growth, promoting
‘being’ more than ‘doing’. Conscious aging can be ‘exploring and developing
inner space’ (regularly taking time to be alone and perhaps meditating), living
an authentic life that is in agreement with our values and mentoring others
(including providing service). It’s about being increasingly aware of what is
going on within as well as around us, looking at the world from a long-term
vantage point that transcends our purely personal desires and fears. Successful
aging makes sense to most people while increasing consciousness appeals to a
smaller percentage. Rie is someone who has developed both skill-sets through
the course of her aging.<o:p></o:p></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDpQBEiIoPeYUBcuIGwzIvdoULh6bm6cNdn-AtKi_HHDnvSerLtojmig76rVj6qApPuuilYnOa_hApMK3N2yfkOCVd0nHr7XFZcTvMrLtfUulS82e96ikpp7vwLzz8X7nKUL6TaB-SksOD/s1600/Rie+ice+cream.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDpQBEiIoPeYUBcuIGwzIvdoULh6bm6cNdn-AtKi_HHDnvSerLtojmig76rVj6qApPuuilYnOa_hApMK3N2yfkOCVd0nHr7XFZcTvMrLtfUulS82e96ikpp7vwLzz8X7nKUL6TaB-SksOD/s200/Rie+ice+cream.JPG" width="168" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Concious aging is about savouring<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
each moment. This is an excellent </div>
example of meditating on ice cream.<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
The aging process enhances <span style="text-align: center;">contemp</span><span style="text-align: center;">lation.</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Successful aging is about adapting so
that we maintain optimal well being in the face of age-associated losses. When
Rie’s back is bothering her she puts her laptop computer on the seat of a
walker to carry it around. She eats sauerkraut everyday because it improves her
digestion.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Conscious aging can include what Carl Jung would call <i>individuation. </i>Examination of our lives with
understanding of how apparently negative events eventually lead to positive
outcomes is a feature of this process.<span style="color: #2f1f4f; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;"> </span>We return again and
again to our intention to be awake as we age, to embrace the pain along with the
ecstasy of life. <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p> </o:p>The rewards of conscious aging are increased vitality and
deeper meaning in life. Happy Birthday, Rie. May you continue to experience a deeply
satisfying quality of life, and to share your increasing knowledge and
awareness with us for a long time to come. Lyn</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment--></div>
Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-27843315505645622302013-01-20T07:45:00.001-08:002013-01-20T16:05:11.057-08:00E.Coli O157:H7<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSStupbYM1WI_rTMVoGzJF4m-i4qq3YTL01jmHB8aKOfdjT7ZVLwvc2GfO3J1Z-9Z21UQnZ-HiT3NNqdEyPMsYPm4jcpcAXSh1YJofJyrXEFl9SmM1S7DmaV5gt2Q6TTCKjhwjQ8XrWiWT/s1600/red+ecoli.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSStupbYM1WI_rTMVoGzJF4m-i4qq3YTL01jmHB8aKOfdjT7ZVLwvc2GfO3J1Z-9Z21UQnZ-HiT3NNqdEyPMsYPm4jcpcAXSh1YJofJyrXEFl9SmM1S7DmaV5gt2Q6TTCKjhwjQ8XrWiWT/s200/red+ecoli.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">When I was growing up we used to talk about getting
summer complaint, a common ailment that caused diarrhea and sometimes </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">vomiting. W</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">e more
or less knew it was because of some bad bacteria that we had eaten, it usually wasn’t
serious and didn’t last long. </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">I forget when I began
hearing about the E.Coli bacteria. Certainly when we started traveling the
world in the 1980’s it was common knowledge that in some countries in Africa, Asia and central America, that the natives could cope with some types of E.Coli but they made us sick
and we had to be careful.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now in every
country including Canada, we need to be vigilant because although most E.coli
strains are not at all harmful to humans, there is one kind, dubbed O157:H7,
that is a mutant and can cause infections that are life threatening.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial;">It was around 1975 when the
O157:H7 strain was first isolated and It was first recognized as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen" target="_blank">pathogen</a></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> in 1982 when there w</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">ere unusual outbreaks of
gastrointestinal illness in the US and Japan that caused numerous deaths. The
O157:H7 E.coli strain was traced to both contaminated ground meat and lettuce
leaves and these sources </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">still </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">appear to be the most prevalent culprits carrying
the infection. Since then illnesses caused by the mutant E.Coli bacteria have become more
common and a contaminated <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkerton_Tragedy" target="_blank">water supply in Walkerton</a>, Canada<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in 2000 that caused 7 deaths, brought the
problem to the forefront.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwxKi63Yd3PqsbSUtfGd_taNd4N5l8_EqHIWTWIZ-ULrf-7tmrziTvYTotq1pnv8RvuXSrWSrhyQb2uzXpEqWc3ZpiqOyeMppwKQNRKACjmJO-RFLiPxW5fWW7xry6cR8rencTmUIQeWUv/s1600/cramps.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwxKi63Yd3PqsbSUtfGd_taNd4N5l8_EqHIWTWIZ-ULrf-7tmrziTvYTotq1pnv8RvuXSrWSrhyQb2uzXpEqWc3ZpiqOyeMppwKQNRKACjmJO-RFLiPxW5fWW7xry6cR8rencTmUIQeWUv/s200/cramps.jpg" width="158" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Most people know that Escherichia coli [or E.Coli] is a family of microscopic bacteria that are normally found in most warm blooded creatures and form about 0.1% of the 100 trillion ‘good’ bacteria in our gut that help digest food, create vitamins and fight off harmful bacteria. However when this week there was yet
another serious local case of infection headlined in our newspaper, I figured it was time to know more about the dangerous </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">O157:H7 E.coli strain </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">- how to recognize if you’re
a victim of it - and what to do to right away if you are. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Some
humans and beef cattle can be infected with the mutant O157:H7 strain and tolerate it but unfortunately the bacteria can be found in their feces. If cattle </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; line-height: normal;">'</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">manure’, is <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">not</b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"> well
composted and used as plant fertilizer, it can be transmitted to vegetables
crops. I hasten to add that organic farmers who sell their produce to the
public are strictly regulated and use only certified organic fertilizers. They are
inspected regularly and their produce is <b>appropriately labeled</b>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Many
bacteria that are on food we eat, are killed off in the strong acid in our stomach but the harmful O157:H7 E. coli can survive. When they enter the small intestine, produce toxins
that harm the lining of the intestine so they can leak through it and get
into the blood stream that way. If you are sick and your diarrhea contains
bright red blood – go to hospital right away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When they get into the blood, the O157:H7 E. coli bacteria attack the
red blood cells and can cause mini-clots that clog the small vessels in the
kidneys and cause them to shut down so drink lots of fluid and get medical
attention - you may need dialysis for a time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-FBvsT_d1LMesXIiab1tlOwTcBiCQB0RdQTBMPkCPoNZSmoyAtB9k-UIqv5iurn0qNu0kUKUbvPEw_doUzu_jkhs2iFpEacrTTgbSf7yPiAV2SdtBPZ6YlV-08sS9XxLslPELQIO-nx3L/s1600/washing+lettuce.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="155" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-FBvsT_d1LMesXIiab1tlOwTcBiCQB0RdQTBMPkCPoNZSmoyAtB9k-UIqv5iurn0qNu0kUKUbvPEw_doUzu_jkhs2iFpEacrTTgbSf7yPiAV2SdtBPZ6YlV-08sS9XxLslPELQIO-nx3L/s200/washing+lettuce.jpeg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">To
avoid any E. coli O157:H7 contamination, wash your hands before handling food, cook
ground meat thoroughly and check out my post on ‘<a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2011/02/bacteria-and-soap.html" target="_blank">bacteria and soap</a>’. In it I have written about living in third world
countries with contaminated food and water and how I coped totally successfully
with keeping fruits and vegetables free of harmful bacteria by simply soaking
them in a big bowl of water with a few drops of liquid detergent in it - enough to cause a bubble or two. If you like, you can rinse
in bottled or boiled water but I usually just shake off the water. I still do this when I’m not sure of the origins of produce -
it’s quick and easy and safe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rie<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<!--EndFragment--></div>
Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-56425553630035049952013-01-13T06:54:00.000-08:002013-01-15T15:51:44.004-08:00Enzymes<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<!--StartFragment-->
</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXX-3crKHcH5NTr-O4Ox8_f56aFDy9OTh2uh7wXGkMY6IEKfT3RDs7k1TqqNmR2tLJNZO-vRBnILQbErrLA64J2W_VyXoTt_cMoJjDkotDSF2DnCregjnTNCT9R4wNr_xLAZtMZ3-h0noI/s1600/300px-MRNA-interaction.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXX-3crKHcH5NTr-O4Ox8_f56aFDy9OTh2uh7wXGkMY6IEKfT3RDs7k1TqqNmR2tLJNZO-vRBnILQbErrLA64J2W_VyXoTt_cMoJjDkotDSF2DnCregjnTNCT9R4wNr_xLAZtMZ3-h0noI/s320/300px-MRNA-interaction.png" width="316" /></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">The purpose of
this post is to explain how our bodies produce the enzymes that are
crucial in ‘enabling’ the chemical reactions that have to happen in our cells for us to function. Understanding how our cells make e<span style="color: #333333;">nzymes may
not be your ‘cup of tea’ but to me it’s a fascinating tale and it’s told here
to show that any advertisement t</span>hat professes to improve
your health by suggesting you take enzyme supplements is <b>not to be
believed.</b> Enzymes are proteins and your digestive system breaks them down
like it would any other protein food like meat or eggs. There is one exception - </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial;">for those who can’t digest milk, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">la<span style="color: #333333;">ctase enzyme can be taken along with dairy products.</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">
<!--EndFragment--></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">The
diagram above shows just what happens in a cell when it signals its nucleus
that it needs a particular enzyme. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">[<i>If ever you want to enlarge a diagram like the one above, click on it and choose x-large from the menu.</i>] Starting at the top, a</span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> section of DNA unzips where the gene that
has the instructions to make that enzyme is found, A</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">n mRNA</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"> molecule </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">copies the sequence code, the DNA zips up again and </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">the mRNA leaves the nucleus</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">. The cell fluid should contain all the 20 types of amino acids and they are attracted to sites on the mRNA which in turn joins them up in the right order to
make the long string enzyme protein the cell needs.</span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZQi7rt0iwEdjKlwGLppSHcmSyDV06s9vG-w86DQ-IM4iRr9uMZGTYF7jxQA-J2qaavC97zwUGOvGSPc6Rv_H1kWuyOTbNae48OpEJPXY4fPAsofkJ9RUewIus2k8JqKAa8DfjOk9ywJfi/s1600/DownloadedFile-1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="156" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZQi7rt0iwEdjKlwGLppSHcmSyDV06s9vG-w86DQ-IM4iRr9uMZGTYF7jxQA-J2qaavC97zwUGOvGSPc6Rv_H1kWuyOTbNae48OpEJPXY4fPAsofkJ9RUewIus2k8JqKAa8DfjOk9ywJfi/s320/DownloadedFile-1.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">The
purpose of the enzyme is shown in the diagram on the right and if you click on
a simple <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZD5xsOKres" target="_blank">video</a></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">you will see
an animated version of how it works. For reasons I'll explain below, each long
string of amino acids folds up in a very specific way to create a shape on its
surface that a molecule fits into - like a key in a lock. As the molecule [or molecules] in the cell sits on the enzyme, there are
interactions with it that makes a desired chemical reaction occur quickly and
the product[s] leave the site so the enzyme is free to act again. When enough
of the product has formed, the enzyme can be turned off by binding with competing
molecules as shown in this<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PILzvT3spCQ&feature=fvwpbe" target="_blank"> video</a></span></span><span class="MsoHyperlink">. </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibAsvDbOCWoPehiy2YvREEm22bEROO3GlB2YmXirIMQh3U1KVcAnev-GkQwYtmV9OPgDFgzsGI70RStg66VmkrSpL73ErI-XHDDlTtCzsUBFOUEviPx3GhaHADoo-2Olfe_slSlJnsiUJ8/s1600/images.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="145" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibAsvDbOCWoPehiy2YvREEm22bEROO3GlB2YmXirIMQh3U1KVcAnev-GkQwYtmV9OPgDFgzsGI70RStg66VmkrSpL73ErI-XHDDlTtCzsUBFOUEviPx3GhaHADoo-2Olfe_slSlJnsiUJ8/s200/images.jpeg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">When the mRNA is stringing together</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"> the many thousands of amino acids to make an enzyme, they're all in a line but as they hit the watery fluid in the cell, they very </span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">quickly start to fold up into an exact desired shape. The details of how this happens still puzzles </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">scientists</span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> but there are some interesting clues. Each of the amino acids has its own properties.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> Some have electric charges that want to be near other charges like those in water molecules in the cell. Others have side chains that are repelled by water, like oil and water don't mix, so they have a tendency to sequester themselves</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"> on</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"> the inside of the molecule. Still others make special bridge
connections. The diagram on the left gives an idea of the complexity of the folding of an enzyme molecule.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"> Enlarging the diagram show gives you a new respect for chemists who can work out the structure of these giant molecules!! </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">
Our DNA has around 25,000 genes altogether and most of them code for making a
specific type of enzyme protein. It is easy to understand that to stay healthy,
we need to have all the amino acids available in our cells to produce enzymes. So the bottom line is: </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">-</span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> be sure you are getting the proteins you need in your diet [</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">A couple of weeks ago I was extolling the virtues of <a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2012/12/quinoa-superfood.html" target="_blank">quinoa</a> because it is a grain that when cooked,</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">provides all the amino acids that are needed] </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">- forget about buying expensive enzyme supplements - except of course for 'lactase' if you need it</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">Rie</span></span></div>
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Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-33640719310929216972013-01-06T12:22:00.001-08:002013-01-06T16:04:31.667-08:00Obesity-Sleep Connection<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNEb_DxDiziTd2ulJ2l58yjnyJrzEqzKQIkd7YnzVnH6gTGV4ECepNuPgzQenw0sNPuBYbThsD0UAh9QM8hP8opmKeDqM42UuTp8NvLyVSDgatwWzJrcIOZKY3l_LravJ5VaEv8kmSJpPr/s1600/sleep+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNEb_DxDiziTd2ulJ2l58yjnyJrzEqzKQIkd7YnzVnH6gTGV4ECepNuPgzQenw0sNPuBYbThsD0UAh9QM8hP8opmKeDqM42UuTp8NvLyVSDgatwWzJrcIOZKY3l_LravJ5VaEv8kmSJpPr/s1600/sleep+.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In general, over the last few decades people have been
sleeping less and putting on more weight. Until recently, no connection has
made between obesity and sleep deprivation because along with the increasing
number of distractions that keep us up late, there has also been a decided
increases in <a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2012/10/fructose-sugar.html" target="_blank">processed foods </a>and lack of exercise, both of which are contributing factors to obesity.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Recently however, scientific studies are beginning to appreciate
and focus on the fact that sleep disruptions and deprivation do affect our body’s metabolism and incredibly we are hearing statements like ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u>Lose weight while you sleep.</u></i>’ from reliable sources! If
sleeping off fat really works, it certainly sounds much better than dieting where
often the lack of success is due to the fact that your body reacts to the ‘famine’
of restricted calory intake by storing fat and getting the energy that's needed by consuming your lean body mass.<br />
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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The scientific literature is now reporting careful studies
on fairly large groups of overweight people who are all restricted to a similar
number of calories in their diet and who all get about the same amount of exercise but they are divided into two groups depending on how much sleep they get at night.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The results have consistently found that those who <u>sleep around 7.5 or 8
hours a night lose weight</u> - whereas those who sleep <u>6 hours or less do not</u>. The
reason turns out to be that the body needs enough uninterrupted
sleep to rebuild and reset the level of two important hormones tied to your
metabolism. The<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone" target="_blank"> hormone</a> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">leptin's </i>job is to send the signal to the brain
when you’ve eaten enough and are full and its partner, the hormone <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ghrelin, </i>stimulates the desire for
food. The diagram on the right shows how a hormone that's excreted in one part of the system is transported in the blood stream to receptors in another.<br />
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOdZYrBIVUx0vvcwa4Wv81eVIg5p-TvJqtWl1eBWE1SrQSbOwYf1PmJVZktZltaTPyNktVzWhScfc48yRztqRNg1vOj4kQkuN76fkKwq7SeR5TtvcbfduldWsbtS_oO6h9XLllRqmiHqQr/s1600/DownloadedFile.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOdZYrBIVUx0vvcwa4Wv81eVIg5p-TvJqtWl1eBWE1SrQSbOwYf1PmJVZktZltaTPyNktVzWhScfc48yRztqRNg1vOj4kQkuN76fkKwq7SeR5TtvcbfduldWsbtS_oO6h9XLllRqmiHqQr/s1600/DownloadedFile.jpeg" /></a><o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The outcome of controlled studies show that those who regularly slept 6
hours or less at night had higher levels of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ghrelin</i> [hunger] and lower levels of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">leptin </i>[full]<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">. </i>More
striking was the finding that there was a direct relationship between the amount
of time a person sleeps and the amount of fat they stored!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Consistently, the fewer hours of sleep they
got, the more excess weight a person had! <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
However, the results of many studies were not quite as clear-cut as
I’m reporting. In most cases where someone was claiming they slept for the required
7.5 or 8 hours but didn’t lose weight, it was often discovered that their sleep
was disrupted in some way. Some proved to have sleep <a href="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sleepapnea/" target="_blank">apnea</a>,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a
condition they were unaware of where they stopped breathing for short periods 100 or more time during
the night and so didn’t get the deep sleep they needed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;">
Studies of the relationship
between inadequate sleep and obesity can be affected by other circumstances as
well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Things like stress, social or
psychological difficulties, depression, or illness that prevent a person from
going to sleep and/or staying asleep are unfortunate and can be contributing factors to weight retention. In any of these circumstances or even if you just don’t tend to go
to sleep when you do go to bed, it is strongly recommended that you access studies on some <a href="http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/getting/overcoming/tips" target="_blank">natural behaviour</a>s that will improve
the quality of sleep and increase the time when you are experiencing the deep
sleep your body needs. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The bottom line is already very clear: <i>For every hour you cut back
on your sleep, you pay the price of weight gain</i>! Rie<o:p></o:p></div>
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Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-34379683009233968402012-12-30T08:06:00.001-08:002012-12-31T14:24:12.471-08:00Quinoa the Superfood<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjuFunVVxX4IoZFSAgcga08Vrw_h3Fj2yml7OYdajxGHXIaOhyphenhyphenxWX-6PgP3hCaLM-vkrfSbhZc9t0tMEFNXidTSXXtrjG8F7fVR46jc4a8W6q1E_l9LFhrv7feUtmi_TR8eRNBOH6mz-vM/s1600/quinoabowl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjuFunVVxX4IoZFSAgcga08Vrw_h3Fj2yml7OYdajxGHXIaOhyphenhyphenxWX-6PgP3hCaLM-vkrfSbhZc9t0tMEFNXidTSXXtrjG8F7fVR46jc4a8W6q1E_l9LFhrv7feUtmi_TR8eRNBOH6mz-vM/s200/quinoabowl.jpg" width="196" /></a></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">The United Nations has declared 2013 to be the ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">International Year of Quinoa</i>’ and so it’s
appropriate that I post a blog about this wonderful food on the advent of the
new year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Truth be told <span style="color: #372307; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">quinoa [pronounced Keenwah] has
been experiencing worldwide commercial success for almost 15 years now, though
there still are many who have yet to discover its remarkable versatility and incredible
nutritional benefits.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #372307; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #372307; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">The quinoa plant was originally
discovered in the Andes mountains in the of north-western part of South America
- Ecuador, Bolivia, Columbia and Peru</span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> - as far back as 7,000
years ago but it was not domesticated until about 4,000 years ago when its
cultivation spread and it became a staple in the native diet. It had to be an
extremely hardy plant to adapt and thrive </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">in the </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">poor soil of </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">its harsh environment</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">, with its frequent draughts and early frosts. Optimal growing temperatures range from </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">-3<sup>o</sup>C [25<sup>o</sup>F] to 35<sup>o</sup>C
[95<sup>o</sup>F] so they can actually be grown in your own back
yard as shown when you click on the <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSgiAa7NNR0&NR=1&feature=fvwpbe" target="_blank">video</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLvYfDmH5Kon9j51zT_raHsFMPD-Z7kaCg93HhTtW45ceg-QPepl7DxVVvI9g6OtOXb9dpAwtL3SQDi2Znj7H1F0y8ifyAPLYSXAKchStUMod-COwS_3veVFYA-bnsImhZ3Lwcq3CCIyzK/s1600/images-1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="149" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLvYfDmH5Kon9j51zT_raHsFMPD-Z7kaCg93HhTtW45ceg-QPepl7DxVVvI9g6OtOXb9dpAwtL3SQDi2Znj7H1F0y8ifyAPLYSXAKchStUMod-COwS_3veVFYA-bnsImhZ3Lwcq3CCIyzK/s200/images-1.jpeg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">The grains you see in the bowl above are actually the
seeds of the plant and, as shown on the right, multicoloured quinoa plants can produce black and brown seeds as well. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">When the plant’s ready to harvest, its seeds can just
be shaken into a container . However there is one
problem - to protect the seeds from fungi or being eaten by birds, they
are covered with bitter tasting <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saponin" target="_blank">saponins</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>that need to be thoroughly washed off with running water. The packaged seeds you buy probably have been washed but it's still wise to test them to be sure all the saponins that cause foaming, have been
removed. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfXQypY_La9Z9Cfa0Y8TDPGWt6ZCYuHJR30V_-_EbVScW58qqGK5JlYiaUlhCejpmId2JX3lOewOuSsmmlEx6YMdjQDrPpteletv4i7jVuFkTe-P0lgwHz4Ywp-QqocU58A0-OA0HrsbvQ/s1600/quinoasalad.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfXQypY_La9Z9Cfa0Y8TDPGWt6ZCYuHJR30V_-_EbVScW58qqGK5JlYiaUlhCejpmId2JX3lOewOuSsmmlEx6YMdjQDrPpteletv4i7jVuFkTe-P0lgwHz4Ywp-QqocU58A0-OA0HrsbvQ/s200/quinoasalad.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<div style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">To cook quinoa, you use 2 parts water to1 part seeds,
bring to a boil and let simmer for 15 minutes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The result is a nutty flavoured product that can be used instead of potatoes
or rice [or combined with rice], mixed in salads or as a base for many
<a href="http://allrecipes.com/recipes/healthy-recipes/super-foods/whole-grains/quinoa/top.aspx" target="_blank">recipes</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Quinoa
has become a real success in the health food and organic food market because it
is rich in proteins, essential minerals, vitamins, good lipids and
<a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2011/11/antioxidants.html" target="_blank">antioxidants</a>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is also gluten free and has a good
balance of amino acids.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlwb9MuuHfEb45gcKgla9cf2HNE2jblbMzNpvgoul4V7TVJtWXcdwt07wKZ99uX5zJ-IQkGICDo8EHj_V9-sk-0fO_6_nN1u7ukM-QSiJZgJPBgKISZAz7aBBPOFkKzlhigF4m4pZVoARw/s1600/protein1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlwb9MuuHfEb45gcKgla9cf2HNE2jblbMzNpvgoul4V7TVJtWXcdwt07wKZ99uX5zJ-IQkGICDo8EHj_V9-sk-0fO_6_nN1u7ukM-QSiJZgJPBgKISZAz7aBBPOFkKzlhigF4m4pZVoARw/s200/protein1.jpg" width="161" /></a></div>
<div style="line-height: 21px; text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">In every cell of
our body, the</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> DNA in the nucleus carries
instructions for the cell to build p</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">roteins. Proteins are long strings of amino acids strung together as shown on the right and t</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; line-height: normal;">hey</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; line-height: normal;"> are actually what make our body chemistry work. There are twenty kinds of amino
acids altogether - nine of which our bodies can’t produce enough of for our
needs. Those could be called the ‘essential’ amino acids and they are all
present in quinoa – a real bonus for those who are <span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">vegetarians and vegans because q</span>uinoa is
12 to 18 percent protein.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">I like to start my day with quinoa in my cooked cereal for breakfast. I use
half quinoa with half oatmeal [or cream of wheat] and I feel well nourished to
be ingesting the quinoa protein since it digests slowly and thus sustains me
until lunch. Incomplete proteins are found in beans, peas, nuts and most grains
but quinoa, along with soy, is one of only a few complete plant proteins. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Best wishes for a Happy Healthy New Year with quinoa. Rie</span></div>
<!--EndFragment--></div>
Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-86155431403176384972012-12-23T12:07:00.000-08:002012-12-24T07:16:10.133-08:00Optical Illusions<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<!--StartFragment-->
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsO-10hbgBcYV2begu_WK_f_2eG4xFUMDYwAl_0mbgnW2IL-7kdaEj9e5WADRYTRv3Dm_Sq7YjijvudhvXcmDhf__J6Dzr4SidPTeAuExxAYROukiG9zAZOluwN9YVQv9RAuA-aiVgSNxA/s1600/Opt.Ill.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="77" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsO-10hbgBcYV2begu_WK_f_2eG4xFUMDYwAl_0mbgnW2IL-7kdaEj9e5WADRYTRv3Dm_Sq7YjijvudhvXcmDhf__J6Dzr4SidPTeAuExxAYROukiG9zAZOluwN9YVQv9RAuA-aiVgSNxA/s320/Opt.Ill.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">It's the Christmas Season
and for many it’s a time of surprise packages all wrapped up hiding their content until they are opened on Christmas day. As a little taste of fun, I’m posting some optical surprises
that I hope will give you a few little jolts of pleasure as you 'unwrap' the mystery of</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"> the images. As for the first one upper left, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">can you see that the coloured spaces - around the light ones spelling ‘optical' - trace out the word ‘illusion’?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjovHPBHtdWZijw3cVY0KA5XgD2jLoxR-cEdQb1O5VZ9RyR9kQEl904Tqmgrj4Nwn4ttE0tJin0szK3g0qvEJHZvf9FJm0yrNmXFZgbI1RuJpslhw2u-Ih1A8iqhBVTId1O8ZoJEqdjtpta/s1600/horse+&+rider.tif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjovHPBHtdWZijw3cVY0KA5XgD2jLoxR-cEdQb1O5VZ9RyR9kQEl904Tqmgrj4Nwn4ttE0tJin0szK3g0qvEJHZvf9FJm0yrNmXFZgbI1RuJpslhw2u-Ih1A8iqhBVTId1O8ZoJEqdjtpta/s200/horse+&+rider.tif" width="191" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">Try to fill in the gaps to make sense of</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> the black blotches </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">in the next two images on the right and left? </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">Our brains have a remarkable aptitude for recognizing patterns or finding meaning given only a few visual clues. It’s as if we have a preconceived picture and after searching around, it all at once clicks into view and then you wonder how you couldn't see it before.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDiAQzbQg06PRv4DOuVZXOyAptY_4eNbyGvMiJU3kyxMrVNHq_10baJlofviTwzZ9PVSTjTFx4OixLE6XicBgSPm112VN_ZBaMybHxvulr3vevejYhsA2LryIIrnz2sekC5mMV3cxUvWJF/s1600/Bearded+face.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="128" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDiAQzbQg06PRv4DOuVZXOyAptY_4eNbyGvMiJU3kyxMrVNHq_10baJlofviTwzZ9PVSTjTFx4OixLE6XicBgSPm112VN_ZBaMybHxvulr3vevejYhsA2LryIIrnz2sekC5mMV3cxUvWJF/s200/Bearded+face.jpg" width="200" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">I find the harder I try, the more
difficult it is to mentally reconstruct the image. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">Don’t be put off if you don’t ‘see’ the answers right away
– or not at all – once you do recognize what is depicted you can never look at
the images again without ‘seeing’ it!</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFR8qjCC10oYAdkaKJO1r5MUtPQb5PlsgcA47-4FcNFwlcCbYLmhgaucHLVtrsGFxTk5brR37yPEc8PsV56ag3-8yQlbRb_WwKGsaBvoo3_AvegkBV5gWnL0NpPAOjKY4celZQkH338k3_/s1600/28.+Say+colour.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="144" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFR8qjCC10oYAdkaKJO1r5MUtPQb5PlsgcA47-4FcNFwlcCbYLmhgaucHLVtrsGFxTk5brR37yPEc8PsV56ag3-8yQlbRb_WwKGsaBvoo3_AvegkBV5gWnL0NpPAOjKY4celZQkH338k3_/s320/28.+Say+colour.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial;">On the right, try quickly saying out loud the colour of the words, not the words them selves.
Apparently it is hard for most of us to do because our left brain recognizes words and is dominant over our right
brain that perceives colours. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFK0qBW_atRdzaGjZeUfuDVksQ_FF8cuKITLtJFr7_0KRzcvdZMofn20U1WT8RPDIbTNJFj-uMec954YoQAzHBSWoh-EvomxFZcn2r9t01F8nN-VUF5VETwR1fp_dx_aP6jNrUZB3DHd-b/s1600/LIFE1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="95" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFK0qBW_atRdzaGjZeUfuDVksQ_FF8cuKITLtJFr7_0KRzcvdZMofn20U1WT8RPDIbTNJFj-uMec954YoQAzHBSWoh-EvomxFZcn2r9t01F8nN-VUF5VETwR1fp_dx_aP6jNrUZB3DHd-b/s200/LIFE1.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial;">On the</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"> other hand, on the </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">left, the right-brain seems to dominate and it will probably take you a minute or so to
read the word the image spells out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A
clue before you check the answer – it is similar to the optical illusion sign
at the top.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7tFVvRixgb-ByaqgkBN8DwWV_AG1yiMqpHaYOi3-ikU-JBHIk-4M-ldl1mcT0_7jkBk7E8stosGqJM8Al_m_rQIDSB9TjaeOdZCUV0_Iy97QT72hACzKBGJRRTtXPkTXKuBkZ7xISHiZb/s1600/opt.+illusion+horses+in+snow.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7tFVvRixgb-ByaqgkBN8DwWV_AG1yiMqpHaYOi3-ikU-JBHIk-4M-ldl1mcT0_7jkBk7E8stosGqJM8Al_m_rQIDSB9TjaeOdZCUV0_Iy97QT72hACzKBGJRRTtXPkTXKuBkZ7xISHiZb/s320/opt.+illusion+horses+in+snow.jpg" width="308" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></div>
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<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the illusion on the right, how many horses you can see in the snow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I count five.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Animals and insects often use this kind of
camouflage to make themselves more difficult for their predators to see.
Because motion is easy to track, a creature's instinct is to freeze in its tracks - and hope for the best.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBfXgnIlRqqWI3mmfoFOaxZjyvQNMpTByg0XboIeJW60YvzcGPD-o8kzYGk_jE-heSRmEeTFs-As1QXZo3-Yvdc0iRmZrGqePGKMFdvsY3cng-qbGNwd5asBOXL1gvGfLZlxvgHmg8w6qK/s1600/Perspective.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="119" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBfXgnIlRqqWI3mmfoFOaxZjyvQNMpTByg0XboIeJW60YvzcGPD-o8kzYGk_jE-heSRmEeTFs-As1QXZo3-Yvdc0iRmZrGqePGKMFdvsY3cng-qbGNwd5asBOXL1gvGfLZlxvgHmg8w6qK/s200/Perspective.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">One last illusion, which soldier is the tallest? </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span>Rie </span><br />
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">1 Right - Horse and Rider 2. Left - Bearded man 4. Left - LIFE</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">5. Left - They're all the same height. </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></div>
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Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-65870429493922366832012-12-16T19:48:00.001-08:002012-12-17T11:21:42.587-08:00Capillary Action<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzKPCmUe3g0Lgbh_CoA_WnW8au1i5UsdLLibZooK5azhAsep2Ex8HzGRvGXiYWb0lTcqsmDaApavqHRoATE6eMzIKcrdOqwe7XSy3Juo1f7ZzHDabu3qgn9LaNUe_MxIUQ0CPmZl_ls3_k/s1600/Christmas-tree2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzKPCmUe3g0Lgbh_CoA_WnW8au1i5UsdLLibZooK5azhAsep2Ex8HzGRvGXiYWb0lTcqsmDaApavqHRoATE6eMzIKcrdOqwe7XSy3Juo1f7ZzHDabu3qgn9LaNUe_MxIUQ0CPmZl_ls3_k/s200/Christmas-tree2.jpg" width="121" /></a></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">Caught up in Christmas spirit
and partying too much yesterday makes me realize I have a young spirit in a
very old body. Today it has let me know I’d overdone it an that’s the reason for
being late in posting this week.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> W</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">ith
the season well upon us I’ve chosen to write about some of the science in
picking out a Christmas tree and caring for it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">Of the three kinds of evergreen trees usually used - spruce, fir or pine - I prefer the <a href="http://cdn99.fansshare.com/community/uploads18/10062/balsam_fir_branch/#axzz2FHCzFXkJ" target="_blank">fir</a> because its needles stay on longer and I find it is the easiest to decorate. If you click on </span></span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7cEf7YoXvo&list=UUrN5sie4de-0xqwaeb0ejBg&index=1" target="_blank">video</a> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial;">you’ll
get a few tips on how to choose your tree and care for it. Best to wait until you get the tree home before using a saw to cut off about an inch thick slice from the tree trunk and then put it in a stand that holds water. We don’t think about it much but a
tree is just like a cut flower, to stay fresh it needs to have its freshly cut
end in water.</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqPDPLGcNiODwmAQzmTP1BG8ZJvhwSoGkR91JSB758cJhVXFAgbuTuyYc8JBpidQ60vui5dR0sR3s8coFz2QXHpztoDX_KtEfGG1EBa3N6Cc8VgricUZTbQ9jFx5AMf-eFiFfmo78wsabT/s1600/images.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqPDPLGcNiODwmAQzmTP1BG8ZJvhwSoGkR91JSB758cJhVXFAgbuTuyYc8JBpidQ60vui5dR0sR3s8coFz2QXHpztoDX_KtEfGG1EBa3N6Cc8VgricUZTbQ9jFx5AMf-eFiFfmo78wsabT/s200/images.jpeg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Any
growing plant needs a constant supply of water to run up the length of its stems to carry nutrients so it can grow and mature. The water evaporates from the
leaves [or needles] and though we are not aware of it, a big leafy tree can give off well
over 100 gallons [~ 400 liters] of water a day. </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">The water climbs up a plant or tree by capillary action, which is just the
ability of a liquid like water to flow up narrow spaces </span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">in spite of the force of gravity pulling
on it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are used to this effect when
we see porous materials like sponges or paper soak up water, or paint being
held between the hairs of a paintbrush.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As seen in the diagram, the narrower the tube, the higher the water can
climb.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When you consider that the
<a href="http://www.monumentaltrees.com/en/trees/coastredwood/coastredwood/" target="_blank">tallest tree</a> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> is almost 400 feet [120 meters] in
height - that's figured to be the maximum height possible - you wonder at the power of capillary action!</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo1FyKsz60Ei8yODFVFp6LlXkxKJqyJnJvDn2VDDjpu4zF_GmaaCCBdOe6Rx3AmKwN7kQgYpAaBpP1Dow44Hx-8RuM80MhBw6DcF75qYJApP-_2rMOJm6y8A-cRHB6iCeLBiFKZPTWnx-t/s1600/image+water.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo1FyKsz60Ei8yODFVFp6LlXkxKJqyJnJvDn2VDDjpu4zF_GmaaCCBdOe6Rx3AmKwN7kQgYpAaBpP1Dow44Hx-8RuM80MhBw6DcF75qYJApP-_2rMOJm6y8A-cRHB6iCeLBiFKZPTWnx-t/s200/image+water.jpeg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Being a
chemist by nature, I like to think of the inter-molecular forces that are
responsible for lifting water to such an incredible height. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">In my
post on <a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2011/08/amazing-water.html" target="_blank">water</a> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> I discussed the uneven distribution of
electrostatic charges around the water molecule that tends to make them stick
together. In the case of plants or trees, the water molecules are attracted to the
sides of pores and also to each other with the result that the combination of these
attractive forces has the power to lift the water to the highest branches of
the tree where the water evaporates causing more water to rise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> The fun drawing below shows anthropomorphized water molecules climbing and pulling neighbors with them. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">You will
be surprised I think at the amount of water your room temperature Christmas
tree will need to stay fresh. As the water rises and evaporates from the needles it has the added advantage of supplying moisture to the dry air
in your house. Sometimes you are advised to add a nutrient like sugar or aspirin
to the water but the tree is not growing, so it really doesn’t need any.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Rie</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-68979461770371711102012-12-09T06:54:00.000-08:002013-03-11T06:15:39.016-07:00Telomeres<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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In last week’s blog post I wrote about our <a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2012/12/chromosomes-genes.html" target="_blank">chromosomes</a>, the twisted double stranded molecules of DNA in the nucleus of every cell.
A detail I did not mention is that the chromosomes have special caps on each
end called telomeres.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These telomeres
are thousands of repetitions of a few bases that have no function except to
protect the end of the chromosomes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Every time a cell divides, as it does in the process of
growing or producing new skin, flesh, blood and bone cells, all the
chromosomes in the old cell have to be copied and stored in the nucleus of the
new cell. In the copying process, from 6 to 40 telomeres at the end of
chromosomes are lost and the telomeres get shorter and shorter as we age. Why
this is so is very well explained if you click on <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BkcXbx5rSzw&NR=1&feature=endscreen" target="_blank">video</a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There is some indication that when a telomere becomes very
short, the cell perceives it as a break in the DNA and the cell dies to protect
the proliferation of incorrect genetic information. As well, short telomeres
have been linked to such health risks as cancer, dementia, strokes,
arthritis, diabetes etc.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To escape
death, cancerous cells that replicate more often, are able to activate an
enzyme called 'telomerase' that can lengthen the telomeres so they can continue
to grow.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj88lnD-SCC9Q4MIefZgE6R3E8qx_cUhUKBfoheSdRqvzCZy9Qd1JRsrtYeZGsncHIafXePo8-p34S6Gpq-pws4SLkLkzvxXBOsshNGs9cA_PP-w8HgSfj6_V3bNMQgFImfmeiRn4a7VxR4/s1600/Aging-001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="114" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj88lnD-SCC9Q4MIefZgE6R3E8qx_cUhUKBfoheSdRqvzCZy9Qd1JRsrtYeZGsncHIafXePo8-p34S6Gpq-pws4SLkLkzvxXBOsshNGs9cA_PP-w8HgSfj6_V3bNMQgFImfmeiRn4a7VxR4/s200/Aging-001.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
A company called <a href="http://www.synrg-telomerase.com/#!anti-aging-supplement/c9z7" target="_blank">Syn-RG</a> sells a supplement to slow the shortening of your telomeres. They claim that the gene responsible for the
production of the enzymes 'telomerase' stops
working at around the age of 25 and their supplement is ‘designed to replenish
lost telomerase enzyme activity’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am
skeptical, and they must be too, because the supplement also contains
antioxedents and other key health promoting nutrients .</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In people over 60, when telomere length as well as age and gender are taken into consideration,
it turns out that they are responsible for only 37% of the factors involved in
the risk of dying.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The other components that cause the remaining 63% have to do with getting enough exercise and sleep, reducing stress in your life, eating well and staying
at a good weight for your body type. A major factor is that the oxygen we
breathe and use to stay alive, produces nasty free radicals that need
<a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2011/11/antioxidants.html" target="_blank">antioxidents</a> like Vitamins A, C, and E to mop them
up. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
We're told that we are all different when it comes to how
fast our telomeres shorten– with the most fortunate people possible living to 120 before
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis" target="_blank">apoptosis</a>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It's predicted that the average <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy" target="_blank">life-span</a> may be raised to 90, but the jury is still out on whether it can be prolonged
beyond that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rie <o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment--></div>
Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-29539947501963190622012-12-02T18:52:00.000-08:002012-12-04T16:49:52.460-08:00Chromosomes & Genes<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOc_T85xYM9pKPmFaeD8GEMD8ZK7ZYX_XfK02BsndsWseLvWBwqTD5eGtBFzvvOR4MtWJsJOHM0qVBwHN25uFqV7qPQ5wdHcSkbTExqPyLR80LU1Bn_OHWRsLRfiS4TGRUJ_U4qP1Fd-9Z/s1600/chromosome.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOc_T85xYM9pKPmFaeD8GEMD8ZK7ZYX_XfK02BsndsWseLvWBwqTD5eGtBFzvvOR4MtWJsJOHM0qVBwHN25uFqV7qPQ5wdHcSkbTExqPyLR80LU1Bn_OHWRsLRfiS4TGRUJ_U4qP1Fd-9Z/s400/chromosome.jpg" width="341" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">I’ve noticed that more and
more it is assumed that people know what the terms chromosomes, genes, genetic
codes and genomes mean but I suspect that a simple and clear explanation of what they actually are would not be out of order for many.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of every cell of our body and they contain the blueprints that carry all the
information needed to build our bodies from conception and then
direct our internal chemistry all through our life. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Our body is made up of
discrete cells and the picture on the left shows a typical cell. In its nucleus
there are 23 chromosomes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each
chromosome is made up of a matched pair of chromatids, one from each of our
parents and they are held together by a short section near the middle called the
centromere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2eT6Hfmyr3IhlVcuz5_WaWTnP0kowZJ-IjHRny13Y8YaZDUDhBjCXUSvtGauCDoFbTj0C6ptSBemhxoQrUqPCaqM6GMiSRdoi6IU1txSI9LBrU3rhPC0OKtiWzZVbSEzYpm-YKnw-Gv3p/s1600/DownloadedFile.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2eT6Hfmyr3IhlVcuz5_WaWTnP0kowZJ-IjHRny13Y8YaZDUDhBjCXUSvtGauCDoFbTj0C6ptSBemhxoQrUqPCaqM6GMiSRdoi6IU1txSI9LBrU3rhPC0OKtiWzZVbSEzYpm-YKnw-Gv3p/s200/DownloadedFile.jpeg" width="183" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The drawing shows one chromatid
spewing out the very long single molecule of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" target="_blank">DNA</a> that is normally curled up
very tightly inside of it. The two intertwining strands of DNA each have short molecutes </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">called nucleotides or bases </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">attached at regular intervals. Each
base tends to stick like a magnet to the base opposite it on the other strand and that's how they are held together. There are just
4 kinds of bases usually abbreviated as G, A, T, and C and they act like a kind
of alphabet and spell out different instructions depending on their position
and order of attachment. Sections of the DNA, typically about 10,000 bases long,
are marked off as genes and each DNA molecule has about 1000 genes more or less.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">When a cell needs an enzyme
[a type of protein molecule] to activate a process, it sends a chemical message
to ‘turn on’ the gene that has the information to produce it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When a gene is ‘turned on’, the section of DNA where it’s located opens up [unzips], the information is copied and a copy of the information is sent back to the cell so it
can assemble the enzyme needed. When enough of the enzyme is made, a message
is sent for the DNA to zip up again.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Of course things are not
quite so simple as that – each chromosome happens to have two DNA molecules and
they match up gene for gene, one from each parent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The dominant gene usually is the one that wins out, sometimes modified by its partner’s. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Scientists have learned
how to make records of the sequencing of the bases in all of our chromosomes – it’s called coding the genome – and most of the genes have been identified and their functions sorted out. However, there are long sections of the DNA molecules in chromosomes that are not genes and yet serve some purpose biochemically not yet fully understood.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5d95IsTzq8yib_vl9_yzyDEhaLP1dAZcantcaTOfh_9GL7DuG6z0S4LVMtEXa84nx67kM3JF-ngjTmyGxPZ57MO5STxHPBpmpXIhFuxxuHE6iOb81GzhTKPm6j7otYnkgC1SZL0XY_2h7/s1600/crossover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5d95IsTzq8yib_vl9_yzyDEhaLP1dAZcantcaTOfh_9GL7DuG6z0S4LVMtEXa84nx67kM3JF-ngjTmyGxPZ57MO5STxHPBpmpXIhFuxxuHE6iOb81GzhTKPm6j7otYnkgC1SZL0XY_2h7/s200/crossover.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">When we have
children, we can pass on only 23 single chromatids to each offspring, with our
partner passing on the other 23 to pair up with them to make our child's chromosomes. In preparation, our chromatid pairs [one from each parent] get
entangled by crossing over one another, </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica;">physically
breaking apart and exchanging parts with each other to form two different ‘scrambled’
chromatids as shown in a simple case on the left. The whole process is called
‘recombination’ and Mother Nature thus ensures that each child will receive a
unique chromatid containing something from each of the formerly paired ones. So we are all totally ‘one-of–a–kind’ unique
unless of course we have an identical twin and then <a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2011/04/head-start.html" target="_blank">epigenetics</a> steps in and we become unique. Rie</span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<!--EndFragment--></div>
Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-89244136829302247782012-11-29T06:13:00.000-08:002012-11-29T06:24:11.876-08:00Useful Gifts<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The posting of my Sunday morning blog has become somewhat of
a compulsion for me and until last Sunday I haven’t missed since I can
remember. However illness in the family has taken precedence this week. Still I hope
today’s subject is timely for those who, in this traditional gift giving time of
year, are trying to think of interesting/useful and reasonably priced gifts for
those who have everything. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
Pictured on the left is a wine cooler.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is an unglazed pottery cylinder sized to
hold a wine bottle. The trick is to take your cooled bottle of white wine out
of the frig, put it in the cooler that has about ¼ cup of water in the bottom
and put it on the dinner table.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
water seeps into the clay and evaporates taking the heat energy from its surroundings to do so and keeping the wine cooled indefinitely. Try wetting your finger – its
cooling illustrates the point.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br /></span></div>
<div class="" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSBwJWTtjnUFWY99fL4oospb_4nqXoplfu6Q3OyUudG8sDGoUr9I639BWaV7NBqY47n4voOrSZR_NJYyYeoUBgogTgxObCzFWaEHmrXY-jTl2_izj8wG3mXv851gSrabQ3dj6JqOf8b6CJ/s1600/DownloadedFile-1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSBwJWTtjnUFWY99fL4oospb_4nqXoplfu6Q3OyUudG8sDGoUr9I639BWaV7NBqY47n4voOrSZR_NJYyYeoUBgogTgxObCzFWaEHmrXY-jTl2_izj8wG3mXv851gSrabQ3dj6JqOf8b6CJ/s320/DownloadedFile-1.jpeg" width="320" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">For centuries before refrigeration when people used to
churn their own butter and needed to keep it cool, they used a similar
technique. To make the process more convenient, in the 1600’s someone invented
a butter bell as a way to store butter. As the <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AkTmQMlHyJ8&feature=related" target="_blank">video</a> </span>shows, butter is packed into the ‘bell’ and water is added to the base. The bell is then inverted
and set into the base where it displaces some of the water so that it rises and
seals the butter off from the oxygen and bacteria in the air. Originally, of
course, the base was unglazed pottery and the evaporation cooled the butter and
it was a convenient hygienic way to keep it.</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; color: black;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZqrLWkoKOGftbZlI0YdBhAUNgePPeQgpR93jboNAmseesACw5eSAzN_nfSA8aZof0wAcFMBJnHlNT3xE6XM_H3PcZU99OUxVc5wuFc79rw1GA5Y3_W5AnoHlfKai6rQjgKeo4PVXbOvZd/s1600/two+pts.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZqrLWkoKOGftbZlI0YdBhAUNgePPeQgpR93jboNAmseesACw5eSAzN_nfSA8aZof0wAcFMBJnHlNT3xE6XM_H3PcZU99OUxVc5wuFc79rw1GA5Y3_W5AnoHlfKai6rQjgKeo4PVXbOvZd/s1600/two+pts.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; color: black;">Butter bells disappeared when
ice boxes and refrigeration became common about 70 years ago but they have now been resurrected and can be purchased on line in several places for
example at </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; color: black;"><a href="http://www.amazon.ca/s/ref=pd_sl_1ln61ssqqq_b?ie=UTF8&keywords=butter+bells&tag=googcana-2" target="_blank">Amazon</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; color: black;">. Unfortunately the concept of cooling by evaporation has been lost in the new ones that have glazed pottery bases so the butter is not
chilled to the same extent. However, apparently they still keep the butter cool but spreadable </span>even in very hot<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; color: black;"> summer weather. if the water is changed every 3 or 4 days, you can </span>store butter in the bell <span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; color: black;">for up to
30 days or more.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; color: black;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; color: black;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<!--StartFragment--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Another unusual kitchen item that every good
cook would probably appreciate is the ‘salt pig’ pictured on the right. They
are particularly convenient when you just want to add a pinch of salt or, if more, a small
wooden spoon is available. In the summer
when there is lots of moisture in the air, be sure to mix a half teaspoon or so
of rice with the salt to absorb water and keep it from caking. They are available also at Amazon a</span></span></span>nd other sites on
line.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Happy shopping!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rie<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<!--EndFragment--></div>
Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-50615290481292956562012-11-18T07:13:00.001-08:002012-11-18T17:16:11.825-08:00Lopsided Geneology<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5UgpOqWJ2GHGizudlcxeu5KKh3uZ2I61E5tjfg8dlo_e513Gi-ixnVdY2shoqngpphwuiuIe5VNj7sd4_liwu0tMD6u4Q1SPkLcPSr8JcoWJsGstPxuxi_xyl1hueTRlfk9-skpV-70Jc/s1600/images.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5UgpOqWJ2GHGizudlcxeu5KKh3uZ2I61E5tjfg8dlo_e513Gi-ixnVdY2shoqngpphwuiuIe5VNj7sd4_liwu0tMD6u4Q1SPkLcPSr8JcoWJsGstPxuxi_xyl1hueTRlfk9-skpV-70Jc/s200/images.jpeg" width="166" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">I have often wondered
at how patriarchal our society has been all through the centuries and </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">– though changes are occurring slowly - </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">how women
have allowed themselves to remain so dominated by men even up to the present .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In my
post<a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2011/03/on-being-female.html" target="_blank"> ‘On Being Female’</a></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> I talked about some of the reasons why this could
have happened and I recently came across another.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Aristotle, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">one of the most important thinkers in
the Western world, not only in philosophy but also in the sciences, profoundly
influenced scholarship well into the 17<sup>th</sup> century. I</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">n 335 BC h</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">e proposed that during conception, it was the man who ‘inoculated’ a woman with
<u>his</u> child and that the woman's part was simply to sustain and succor the infant.
When a child was born female or did not look like its father, it was explained
away as ‘interferences’ that unfortunately occurred in the womb. It is no
wonder that this idea was perpetuated since both </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">Christianity and Muslim religions picked up on it and besides, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">men possessed the all the status and power in our society and in many cases still do. An indication of how pervasive this way of thinking is, just consider that when she marries, a woman commonly takes on her husband's surame as do all of their children.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Having
spent some time in the last couple of years </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">creating genealogies for each of my parents - tracing the origins of
their families back to their coming to North America – I became acutely
aware that when she married a woman lost her identity genealogically. Even her
maiden came from her father.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It makes
for tidy record keeping but since we know now that the mother contributes equally in passing on
her DNA characteristics to her children, half a person’s biological history is routinely
lost .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaWba02COIVCmXeI8oAUd4ienJGj9FpmpYdn8xjYI2yeNxjS6TD6Ek3KJ7_7lUXoKa5jT_gt72xXAZnvPi29zqkI9Kk2I7EfubWa0ww8CIfypoijlG4Vwgj6vZbnTHKnpCtCzGlSxBa65B/s1600/Egg.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaWba02COIVCmXeI8oAUd4ienJGj9FpmpYdn8xjYI2yeNxjS6TD6Ek3KJ7_7lUXoKa5jT_gt72xXAZnvPi29zqkI9Kk2I7EfubWa0ww8CIfypoijlG4Vwgj6vZbnTHKnpCtCzGlSxBa65B/s1600/Egg.jpeg" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial;">It turns out that the
geneticist <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Efn9Glhcft4" target="_blank">Bryan Sykes</a> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">used a very neat and infallible way to trace one’s
ancestry using woman’s identity only. He used the DNA in a type of bacteria called mitochondria </span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">that have found their way into every cell in our body. They are vitally important in our
metabolism because they are able to use the oxygen we breathe and, by combining it with food we eat, produce the energy needed by our cells to keep us alive. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">I</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">n t</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">he conception of a
child, the relatively large mother’s egg [pictured on the right] contains hundreds of the mitochondria while
the male sperm contains only the father’s DNA. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Thus the mother passes on to each of her
children, male or female, her own mitochondria. Each piece of mitochondria containing a relatively
small piece of DNA whose code can be easily read by a geneticist. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjleMBwwy5VV5gFReax_1zGH9sdEU2LQm4EKDMLmocds_sH3H2ejrmdLMTsnh85t97zDwu9sLHycUJnTranvVziB1IFpqrxCwCykJxRDq06fQm4NnNBykIiIaauDOXg_5lRNReEpV0CD4-n/s1600/Geogr.+tree.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjleMBwwy5VV5gFReax_1zGH9sdEU2LQm4EKDMLmocds_sH3H2ejrmdLMTsnh85t97zDwu9sLHycUJnTranvVziB1IFpqrxCwCykJxRDq06fQm4NnNBykIiIaauDOXg_5lRNReEpV0CD4-n/s320/Geogr.+tree.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial;">As in all
living matter there can be the occasional <a href="http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/archive/mutations/index.html" target="_blank">mutation</a> – they occur <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>on average about every 10 thousand
years – so, depending on how many mutations there have been and in what population they occurred, it is possible to conclude that</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"> our species arose some 200.000 years ago, probably in south eastern Africa. Using our types and numbers of mutations over the eons, it is also possible to construct a type of genetic tree through the mitochondria of females. O</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">ur own mitochondrial fingerprint, identifies us as belonging to one branch of the Homo Sapiens tree shown on the left.. These branches are being given names and it has been suggested that in future a person will have three names - a first name, a name indicating our mitochondrial branch and a surname. Rie</span></div>
</div>
Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-23586963866809039672012-11-11T06:25:00.001-08:002012-11-11T15:41:47.126-08:00Medical Revelation<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEuXs8aVY3GBqVxm3MWf-yq-zAv3WIFZhYEjMPq83SnipSqhE_lUg0L_XkRjlvrRm0G4x_3G_2MQVjD-mcUq_6MhzExaRwtCphwohe4xnm-sh7yFibMLUWO2ZsjutERhtDaUGDzP19NCKJ/s1600/250px-Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram.svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEuXs8aVY3GBqVxm3MWf-yq-zAv3WIFZhYEjMPq83SnipSqhE_lUg0L_XkRjlvrRm0G4x_3G_2MQVjD-mcUq_6MhzExaRwtCphwohe4xnm-sh7yFibMLUWO2ZsjutERhtDaUGDzP19NCKJ/s200/250px-Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram.svg.png" width="191" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">As revealed in my last post,
our bodies, particularly our gut (small and large intestines), are host to </span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">trillions of microorganisms whose cells outnumber those in are in our body by 10 to 1.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bacteria make up most of the flora in our gut
with about 500 different species, however probably about 99% of the bacteria
come from 30 or 40 species - both good and bad. The main function of these
bacteria appears to be in the digestion of the food we eat and in preventing the growth of harmful, pathogenic bacteria. Actually it is estimated that about
85% of our immune system sits in our gut. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFHqSe4i6PT9zjIYHPAyC2R-lJKTtrCq-Sp3pZR_nGva7sz64JCAP_WtrNaq0VOuA0xL4JA41T9zfXsiki6V9zyVo7lSJLHb7zQH1yYuKKN2X8-XR_DCoeX6Rg7DxjSnarNfqoqyP_kWko/s1600/natasha.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFHqSe4i6PT9zjIYHPAyC2R-lJKTtrCq-Sp3pZR_nGva7sz64JCAP_WtrNaq0VOuA0xL4JA41T9zfXsiki6V9zyVo7lSJLHb7zQH1yYuKKN2X8-XR_DCoeX6Rg7DxjSnarNfqoqyP_kWko/s200/natasha.jpeg" width="155" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Early
research, carried out mainly by <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Dr.
Natasha Campbell-McBride, claims that </span>the ideal balance of good and bad
bacteria forms the foundation for good health, both physical and mental. An<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epkFl5qaYEU&feature=endscreen" target="_blank"> interview</a> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">with Dr. McBride reveals her own personal
reason for becoming involved in tracing the effects of the gut flora in
causing mental illnesses as well as allergies. Her first child, a son, was
diagnosed with autism, and the fact that she found a
cure not only for him, but also others with similar psychological symptoms, is
profoundly convincing.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">In
researching the subject, I have found it amazing that a child is born sterile
and it picks up the microorganisms that will populate its gut first in its
passage through the mother’s birth canal and then in the mother’s milk as well
as the environment. That nature would leave to chance such an important
basis for the child’s health must have had no easy solution and explains why
some infants have such a difficult time digesting food in their first few
months. However, the bacteria in our digestive tract are very forgiving and usually
the good bacteria win out. If not, in my health food store I found a brochure ‘Life
Start’ advertising probiotic supplements that can ensure the mother’s optimal
health and other products for the new born child - so now help is available for any mother who wishes to be proactive in maintaining and passing
on a healthy bacterial system to her baby.</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0U12AKiJ1VOFAxScW3Nh4hWMGxvQl7CAACgohOx_SRltUm9qegOcQJH3EJO6TVY3D8Gka3_W5LwZm8pSlKJRw6DK-y3LqMl5OzjLgawzFTUgsN8GIX8TPBXwHcLc86x8QxyqZvFpYA2Ao/s1600/baby.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="149" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0U12AKiJ1VOFAxScW3Nh4hWMGxvQl7CAACgohOx_SRltUm9qegOcQJH3EJO6TVY3D8Gka3_W5LwZm8pSlKJRw6DK-y3LqMl5OzjLgawzFTUgsN8GIX8TPBXwHcLc86x8QxyqZvFpYA2Ao/s200/baby.jpeg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">There are
many informative interviews and talks on line by Dr. Campbell-McBride and one
of her short but convincing videos is very <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L7a6qL72UAU&NR=1&feature=endscreen" target="_blank">worth viewing</a> because it outlines the
factors that damage our gut flora. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">For someone who suffers from autoimmune or
degenerative diseases like Multiple Sclorosis, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis,
lupus, osteoarthritis, Crohn</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">‟</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">s disease, ulcerative colitis, CFS etc., </span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">she has written a <a href="http://www.gaps.me/preview/?page_id=20" target="_blank">book</a></span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>that gives a diet that can reset the bacterial imbalances in your gut and cure your disease.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is not an easy diet to follow but has been
shown to work and she has many collaborators around the world who are trained
and working with her methods.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 252.0pt 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">As I mentioned this
has been a personal journey for me having suffered for over a year with severe
digestive problems after undergoing a course of antibiotics. After posting the October 28 ‘<a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2012/10/fermented-foods.html" target="_blank">Fermented Foods</a>’ blog in which I said I was cured, I had a relapse for a day or so but then I felt
even better again and have had no further problems.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>McBride describes this reaction as a ‘die back’ where the good bacteria
become so numerous they are able to kill off a pathogenic colony of bacteria,
which then releases its toxins causing the illness symptoms to return
temporarily.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">I have
only barely touched on the subject of the importance of our gut flora, and its
influence on our health. For those with some conditions that are not successfully
treated by modern medicine, I’m convinced that their real challenge could well
be to identify strategies that help optimize their bacterial population. The
aim would be to heal and seal their gut and live happily ever after in a
friendly, symbiotic relationship with the trillions of microorganisms that can
optimize their health.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rie<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<!--EndFragment--></div>
Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-68568044452188630282012-11-04T07:19:00.003-08:002012-11-04T18:36:06.556-08:00Symbiotic bacteria<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">When I started doing some research about the bacteria that
live in us and on us, I was blown away by the sheer numbers, varieties and
power of the microorganisms [living single-celled entities that can only be
seen with a microscope] that our bodies harbour. Those who study these bacteria
tend to actually begin to wonder about who is in charge, the microbes or us. Their
cells outnumber ours by a factor of 10 to 1 – <span style="color: #222222;">it’s just because they’re smaller than
our cells that they only weigh about 4 or 5 pounds altogether</span><span style="color: #222222;">.</span> The most
amazing revelation is that their DNA produces 3,000,000 genes to our measly
23,000 – that’s over 100 times more genes, the pieces of DNA that code for the molecules that tell our bodies what to do to become us. If you watch the first
few minutes by clicking on the <a href="http://www.ted.com/talks/bonnie_bassler_on_how_bacteria_communicate.html" target="_blank">video</a>,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>you’ll really understand what is being discovered! It’s
a veritable scientific revolution!</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi17BaTr7o-IZ0XZfMu-tKEafna5T3znNTqjojLY70OhU3Cl0aWoNC_n_fM_WxL7NIBiPi-ZFKfwdt-c1ObwxcDZ1Ht9jUHIPUR3_lGaYyJCpeMd3azMtsVwVpygfqy0ET_xv506Zb8lMP/s1600/Bacterium.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi17BaTr7o-IZ0XZfMu-tKEafna5T3znNTqjojLY70OhU3Cl0aWoNC_n_fM_WxL7NIBiPi-ZFKfwdt-c1ObwxcDZ1Ht9jUHIPUR3_lGaYyJCpeMd3azMtsVwVpygfqy0ET_xv506Zb8lMP/s200/Bacterium.jpg" width="151" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial;">Looking at things from my new perspective after a week of this kind of
research …. I understand that our planet formed about 4½ billion years ago, and the
first living single celled microorganisms, mostly bacteria, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial;">appeared about ½ a billion years later. Then these simplest forms of life
spent the next long 3<u> billion</u> years evolving and learning and communicating
until they got nature to help them by coming up with the idea of creating multi-celled
creatures that they could inhabit. The bodies of these relatively big creatures acted as a
nice warm safe home and and fed them and, in exchange, they did chores like
digesting the food their host ate and creating an immune system to keep them healthy. </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial;">The system worked so incredibly well that in the next billion years of
evolution lots and lots of multi-celled creatures evolved and they got smarter
until we human types came along a couple of hundred thousand years ago with enough brains
and scientific know-how to finally, in just the last couple of years, start to
figure this all out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pretty shocking
perspective - but those are the <a href="http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.list/categoryNo/2625/category/The-Scientist/tagNo/154/tag/gut-bacteria/" target="_blank">facts</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial;">.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial;">Looking back at the evolutionary processes again, plants preceded animals
because they could absorb the energy of the sun and use it to convert carbon
dioxide into solid carbon compounds that allowed them to grow into things like grass or trees or
carrots. Then came animals that harboured bacteria in their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruminant" target="_blank">special stomach</a> that would break down the long chain cellulose fibers that gave plants their structure. They were herbivores and and they mostly ate grass and leaves. Then evolution
marched forward and created carnivores and omnivores like us that could get
their energy by eating the herbivores like cows and sheep and goats. Apparently until humans learned to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_of_fire_by_early_humans" target="_blank">control fire</a> and cook roots and leaves of plants, they could get almost
no nutrition from vegetable matter. Scientists think our hunter gatherer ancestors eating meat and cooked vegetables had it made, they
got lots of energy from both and so they could outsmart other creatures
and evolved by getting even smarter and bigger brains that made them able to
create our modern world.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial;">In all this, the bacterial flora we host were fine because up until the 1930’s [in my lifetime] when refrigerators and freezers came along, people managed to
keep food from going bad by fermenting it. Fermenting breaks down food and
produces lots of good bacteria like those in our intestinal system.
The bacteria that digest our food could thrive on the arrangement and so did we and we multiplied.</span><br />
</div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0sXUBfGYR7tXE-SzMiyecQ29kZ9YFrOY-K3OvhS4N37e5Al9jTBCec2VZuSdK_I_KQVNx6u8cu_nEeMNxfPlWNFviV47g6rREGNFR9c-o3KzciTr9ogZoodMmY5BuSDE6m3jHNwpFMnqE/s1600/junk-food-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0sXUBfGYR7tXE-SzMiyecQ29kZ9YFrOY-K3OvhS4N37e5Al9jTBCec2VZuSdK_I_KQVNx6u8cu_nEeMNxfPlWNFviV47g6rREGNFR9c-o3KzciTr9ogZoodMmY5BuSDE6m3jHNwpFMnqE/s200/junk-food-1.jpg" width="156" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial;">But then we began to eat strange things like ‘cheesies’ and sugar coated
cereals and chocolate bars and lots of convenient junk food that our myriads of
bacteria didn't thrive on and so </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial;">our immune system didn't work well either. Then</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial;"> when some bad bacteria or harmful <a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2011/06/viruses.html" target="_blank">viruses</a> made us really sick we were given antibiotics that
killed off lots of the good bacteria we needed to stay healthy.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 5.0pt; margin-right: 5.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial;">The consequences of eating mostly processed food and what to do about it, comes in the next post – if you
are still with me after this very broad brush treatment of our evolution and </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial;">complex</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial;"> symbiotic living systems.. Rie</span></div>
<!--EndFragment--></div>
Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-46749904668116291342012-10-28T11:38:00.000-07:002012-11-01T12:30:49.702-07:00Fermented foods<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">Over a year ago, ever since
I had an operation and had to spend a couple of weeks in hospital, I have
had stomach and alimentary canal (gut) problems. I had stomach aches after
eating, gas problems, general malaise and sometimes vomiting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I lost about 20% of my body weight, I was
down to skin and bones, and my doctor prescribed a laxative to at least keep my
sluggish system working.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Since it was my hospital
stay that marked the beginning of my problems, I assumed that it probably was the
antibiotics I had been given intravenously in hospital that had killed off some
of the ‘good’ bacteria in my system. I started drinking a little <a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2011/10/kefir.html" target="_blank">kefir </a>daily</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and I was mostly eating healthy, home cooked. vegetables that I could tolerate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Nothing seemed to help until one day while shopping at my favourite
health food store, I overheard its owner talking to an older customer about how
beneficial it was for elderly people to eat fermented foods.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-AdMbRHywJoCgSX30rpYpm4wGjDykfmK-VKhCkr9c6vMOBOJUjnRKjnkKdUxGwK6HGluLVzkYWOyB52QDYO0cn_ltLiEgRRY3NOABjmC1YlPvZzlPTDFQKs_8eFDmQdP8gc2O9IE2veMP/s1600/images-1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-AdMbRHywJoCgSX30rpYpm4wGjDykfmK-VKhCkr9c6vMOBOJUjnRKjnkKdUxGwK6HGluLVzkYWOyB52QDYO0cn_ltLiEgRRY3NOABjmC1YlPvZzlPTDFQKs_8eFDmQdP8gc2O9IE2veMP/s320/images-1.jpeg" width="249" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Recorded
history reveals that people began fermenting foods and drinks as long ago as 3000
BC to keep them from ‘going bad’ and the practice probably goes back much
longer than that. Up until I started looking into fermented foods, I thought
the process was only used to make drinks like
wine or beer but of course wild yeast is what is used to make <a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2011/04/bread-wine.html" target="_blank">sourdough bread</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What I have just learned is that when you use
salt to preserve legumes – if you don’t overdo the salt – they too will
ferment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><br />That’s how vegetables were always 'pickled' before vinegar made it more convenient.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To give an example, the
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=397Dua09VUI" target="_blank">video</a> on sauerkraut gives the idea [the caraway seeds are optional].
The amount of salt to keep the bad bacteria from growing is not crucial but should be between 1 to
2 tablespoons per pound.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> All pickles including olives were once fermented this way.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Besides making
the foods easier to digest fermenting foods introduces friendly bacteria [or
probiotics] into your digestive system. What they do in food, they also do in
the gut - they repel disease causing bacteria and help break down nutrients so
you can absorb them more easily. I’ve been eating
lost of fermented foods like non-processed aged cheeses, sauerdough bread, beer and wine,
sauerkraut, yoghurt, kefir and<a href="http://www.akealife.com/blueprint-for-life/nutrition/fermented-foods/" target="_blank"> etc</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> And it's working! </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">They have given me a whole new lease on life! I'm starting to eat normally and gaining weight! </span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPyBl6RPDNwEUqvdF9Cf8KypE2hB-evYN9UTBfxJelv_Mp0-nbGdl0B-Pi58ZoxvmP_oJKj19jeKuVumBzJnmbRMu2TIcrPCFQwaagJxV7qdMMaryIRlhhtYkoqW6lXAbRotV6Cev5oztn/s1600/images-3.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPyBl6RPDNwEUqvdF9Cf8KypE2hB-evYN9UTBfxJelv_Mp0-nbGdl0B-Pi58ZoxvmP_oJKj19jeKuVumBzJnmbRMu2TIcrPCFQwaagJxV7qdMMaryIRlhhtYkoqW6lXAbRotV6Cev5oztn/s320/images-3.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial;">If its hard to get fermented foods or you don’t particularly
like them – the best supplement is lactobacillus sporogenes - it's a probiotic you can take as a pill and most
people tolerate it well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Next week I’ll
tackle the big subject of the 4 or 5 pounds of friendly bacteria in our gut whose
function and power are increasingly amazing scientists who study them. Rie</span></div>
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Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-45426358414298731522012-10-21T06:50:00.000-07:002012-10-22T11:33:18.097-07:00Fructose Sugar<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyauHsbKZvf53TIZWtoO6OWGksgYBKgBK296hi1LKsR6maYQV_5x1-hH9LGcZ1-1p7UJQljWtj-SpxeHoGJQKTLfecyiNSlqHTT7Pa6MwvjF2Eobu0gDFzGoYec6hJf3FgWI9HOWUIzD7G/s1600/obese-children.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyauHsbKZvf53TIZWtoO6OWGksgYBKgBK296hi1LKsR6maYQV_5x1-hH9LGcZ1-1p7UJQljWtj-SpxeHoGJQKTLfecyiNSlqHTT7Pa6MwvjF2Eobu0gDFzGoYec6hJf3FgWI9HOWUIzD7G/s200/obese-children.jpg" width="200" /></a><br />
Obesity is becoming almost an epidemic in many western
countries and it is starting at a younger and younger age. The answer to why is
becoming increasingly clear. It is sugar, too much of it and the wrong kind of
sugar that we are getting in processed foods and when we dine out especially at
fast food restaurants.<br />
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHYm6fAh9K5WPe64GWEYF-9mrDWmWYoB-XA8ga3SCC3WlPYkgIz8tTlns88EMpZZGfEfFa3C0I6bHfGEyIh5c2Ppr3h8g3l2G01VA3iQBDDwiyPNLAjjoPBVbYetn5RiKGf-tSSVptj1rw/s1600/images.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="129" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHYm6fAh9K5WPe64GWEYF-9mrDWmWYoB-XA8ga3SCC3WlPYkgIz8tTlns88EMpZZGfEfFa3C0I6bHfGEyIh5c2Ppr3h8g3l2G01VA3iQBDDwiyPNLAjjoPBVbYetn5RiKGf-tSSVptj1rw/s200/images.jpeg" width="200" /></a>The name sugar is used to describe a whole class of
compounds, most of them sweet but we usually think of sugar as the granular white
table sugar, sucrose, we spoon into coffee and tea make them sweet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has been around for a couple of centuries
and it comes mostly from cane sugar that’s grown best in the tropics. It’s a
disaccharide, that is it is two sugars linked together with a structure as shown
on the right.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When we eat it, it’s
broken down by an enzyme into two separate simple sugars, glucose and
fructose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You will probably recognize ‘glucose’
as the blood sugar molecule that the body can use to give us quick energy but the fructose is another story.<o:p></o:p></div>
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One of my earlier blogs was about ‘<a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2010/11/chirality.html" target="_blank">chirality</a>’ and in it I talked about molecules often being left or right handed and the problems
the left handed molecules can cause. The reason is that our cells are full of
protein molecules that are called enzymes that are vital <a href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/catalyst" target="_blank">catalysts</a> in making our complicated body chemistry work quickly at body temperatures. The
way an enzyme works is shown in a simple <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZD5xsOKres" target="_blank">animation</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It turns out that our body has no enzyme to
handle the left handed fructose molecule that is released as sugar is broken
down and so it is treated like a foreign body or toxin and is sent directly to
the liver. From there, most of it ends up as body fat. Another problem is that
since the fructose goes to the liver, it doesn’t increase blood sugar levels and
doesn’t signal the brain when you’ve eaten enough so you tend to eat much more
than you need. <o:p></o:p></div>
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To make matters worse, food scientists have found a
substitute for cane sugar that is even worse for us. Fructose happens to be a
lot sweeter than glucose and they have produced a High Fructose Corn Syrup
[HFCS] that is generally 55% fructose to 45% glucose and has the advantage of
being cheaper and much easier to handle than white granulated sugar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>HFCS is apparently now being put into
everything from baby formula to bread and checking the label doesn’t help much
because it can be classified as a carbohydrate. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In some drinks the HFCS is as high as 65% and
there are no regulations that prevent the use of HFCS’s as high as 90%.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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The best advice is to stay away from processed foods and
sugar. So for desert, it sounds like eating nice fresh fruit would be the best
solution.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wrong – in fruits the
sweetness comes from fructose! So even though fresh fruit is very nutritious,
be aware of the fructose you’re ingesting – click on the <a href="http://robpatrob.com/what-fruits-have-the-lowest-fructose" target="_blank">link</a> to check out amounts in the different kinds of fruit.</div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOBcBklyAH1-FyhpvqzoPuQtBz7g8x598xQd2pUvmuiwASgFIIdEk-4Zi1Nkbu1qeWZDt70LlLTMHYH4UDNOMnjCo9sGMnTvsIa-1LtCVQx5tdzPQ2EhJ00GrU3yD0gbI8eWTrz6DFXU-M/s1600/5196.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOBcBklyAH1-FyhpvqzoPuQtBz7g8x598xQd2pUvmuiwASgFIIdEk-4Zi1Nkbu1qeWZDt70LlLTMHYH4UDNOMnjCo9sGMnTvsIa-1LtCVQx5tdzPQ2EhJ00GrU3yD0gbI8eWTrz6DFXU-M/s400/5196.gif" width="400" /></a></div>
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Honey has a lot of good stuff in it but have a look at the amount of fructose in it. Maple Syrup is mostly sucrose so if you have a ‘sweet tooth’, the only answer I can come up with is to use other kinds if sweeteners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I like to grow the <a href="http://www.stevia.com/Stevia_Sugar_Substitute.aspx" target="_blank">stevia</a> plant because it’s natural. You can now obtain it in dried form at a health
food store. It's about 300 times as sweet as sugar so take care. <a href="http://www.edenfoods.com/store/product_info.php?cPath=26_50&products_id=104050&ref_src=google&ref_id=condiments&gclid=CITQ9JeLlbMCFcxAMgod7w4A2w" target="_blank">Barley malt extract</a> is another alternative.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>If you want to know all the science and have time - you could listen to Dr. Lustig's <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBnniua6-oM" target="_blank">video</a>. Rie </div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-73886482003801105722012-10-14T06:24:00.004-07:002012-12-01T18:37:19.667-08:00Medical Imaging<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">In last week’s post I promised to write
another this week to look into other types of medical imaging and what risks
are associated with them. There is lots more detail for those interested in searching the internet. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAMAWHB7CqAh_t6OuU4vjkSqp8O3pJqget5bwd7F7yIMEvhIWNyZuqBNZ8ahZFNAQMo9qAu8hyphenhyphenOurvC8tAQs_f7F-IGo01Jrb4_QoJ8JIGFS4kvg9zloN3h_aVyk0pMXJ4ZvLb15Lam-lq/s1600/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="161" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAMAWHB7CqAh_t6OuU4vjkSqp8O3pJqget5bwd7F7yIMEvhIWNyZuqBNZ8ahZFNAQMo9qAu8hyphenhyphenOurvC8tAQs_f7F-IGo01Jrb4_QoJ8JIGFS4kvg9zloN3h_aVyk0pMXJ4ZvLb15Lam-lq/s200/images.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><br />
</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">An <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ultrasound
</b>is a very straightforward and safe way to test for everything from blood
circulation to gall stones. It involves sending high frequency sound waves into
your body and when they bounce off the walls of the organ or vessels being
examined, the echo is recorded. To take the test you will be asked to lie down and a
clear conducting gel is put on your skin over the area being examined. It helps with the transmission of the sound waves. A handheld flat ‘probe’ then gently moves
the gel, that both sends and receive signals, over the area in question.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sometimes you are allowed to see the
reflected sound images on a screen. That’s it! It’s painless and harmless. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">An <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">angiogram</b>
is used to look mainly at your blood vessels and heart. After giving you a local
anesthetic, the procedure usually involves the insertion of a thin hollow tube
into your groin from which the radiologist is able to release a contrasting
agent that blocks x-rays. X-rays
are then sent through your body, recorded and displayed on an overhead screen
that you can watch as the test proceeds. It clearly shows up blockages in blood
vessels and gives heart surgeons the vital information they need to do by-pass
surgery or insert <a href="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stents/" target="_blank">stents</a> etc.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As
explained in the post on <a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2012/10/ct-scans_7.html" target="_blank">CT Scans</a></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>when X-rays are
absorbed, their energy is released and transferred to electrons that can rip through
cells, tearing electrons from all sorts of atoms it meets, creating <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion" target="_blank">ions</a></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> - so x-rays are called ionizing radiation. A second risk
involves the contrast agent that contains iodine. It is removed from your blood
by your kidneys and liver so it’s very important that you have healthy organs
and drink lots of fluids to flush away the iodine solution as quickly as
possible - 2 glasses of water before the test and 4 glasses after it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij3pdTbRe_9WMTP3BT0m8OIVctSppAQjYmIPFS7rTF7UDAPd9OyAN0DLMbu7goauMN_8GBt6dwNfbgU6oooxGyPN3IZnGTJz80Lor8VDpy3S96hk8sr6iyCTcorIF1m3-DEfZkrabK0oyN/s1600/images.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="157" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij3pdTbRe_9WMTP3BT0m8OIVctSppAQjYmIPFS7rTF7UDAPd9OyAN0DLMbu7goauMN_8GBt6dwNfbgU6oooxGyPN3IZnGTJz80Lor8VDpy3S96hk8sr6iyCTcorIF1m3-DEfZkrabK0oyN/s200/images.jpeg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">An <b>MRI</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> [Magnetic Resonance Imaging]</b> scan, like a CT Scan, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">produces cross-sectional images that appear to open the body up and allow the doctor to look at it from the inside<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">.
</b>MRI scans can give details about soft body tissues like ligaments, cartilages,
and nerve systems so that MRI scans are often more versatile than x-rays in that they can
image a variety of medical conditions. <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RjcueE-H4Ys&feature=pyv&ad=7293766728&kw=what%20is%20mri" target="_blank">MRI</a> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">uses harmless radio waves and a
very strong magnetic field so those with metal implants are usually barred from
taking the test. MRI machines cost more and scans take longer so<span style="color: #222222;"> they are more expensive. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; mso-text-indent-alt: -14.2pt; tab-stops: 0cm 11.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: JA;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">A<b>
PET [Positron Emission Tomography] </b>scan makes use of a small amount of a radioactive
tracer to be able to tell the difference between healthy and diseased
tissue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The usual tracer is a type of
sugar called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fludeoxyglucose_(18F)" target="_blank">FDG</a> so </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">the test is sometimes called an FDG-PET scan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before the exam, a technologist will give you
an<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> injection of the radioactive drug
and you must wait for an hour or so as it is absorbed in the body. </span>For
instance, cancer cells grow faster than healthy ones so they absorb more of the
FDG blood sugar. The PET scanner measures the radiation given off by the FDG and
produces colored images that show where the cancerous tissue is. It can also
detect blood flow to other diseased tissues. The information obtained by a PET
scan is not available using any other kind of imaging and provides doctors with crucial
information for diagnosis. Many PET scanners also include a CT scanner and a
PET-CT Scan will image both body structure and how it is functioning at the
same time. The PET machine is like other scanners with a hole in the middle
that looks like a donut and a table that slides into the
machine. After the test you should drink lots of water to flush out the
radioactive FDG and any contrast agents that may have been used. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">The latest test is an MRA,
the combination of an MRI and Angiogram. Seems that we are getting closer all the time
to ‘Star Wars’ sci-fi technology where diagnosis is determined by just passing a
wand over the patient!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rie <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<!--EndFragment--></div>
Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-58043467874168716992012-10-07T06:04:00.002-07:002012-10-07T06:22:40.857-07:00CT Scans<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs3gcbUSOd1jD24Wo6_zsseVdWt7D1wPake1Vzz7z624If0zucJV5QYZqdv32w40e0H0aYLE-9wtroSJtqQfzmEl3Zg9CG0f2aQetge-Ni-6eyhHhypKMRtLh83dk6PX7yaH9466OoXfRv/s1600/Multiscans+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="132" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs3gcbUSOd1jD24Wo6_zsseVdWt7D1wPake1Vzz7z624If0zucJV5QYZqdv32w40e0H0aYLE-9wtroSJtqQfzmEl3Zg9CG0f2aQetge-Ni-6eyhHhypKMRtLh83dk6PX7yaH9466OoXfRv/s200/Multiscans+.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">There are
many different imaging techniques that are used by doctors these days to be
able to determine what is going on inside our bodies. Available are
Ultrasounds, Angiograms, CT (or CAT) scans, MRI’s and PET scans, each with own
diagnostic characteristics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some are
totally non invasive but others involve X-rays and contrasting agents that are
injected into the patient to make the images obtained more revealing and
useful.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt;">It’s an
important subject and one that everyone should be familiar with as more and
more use is being made of these very valuable techniques that help in the
diagnosis of cancer, blockages in our arteries, sinus problems or any number of
ailments. This week a young child in my immediate family had a <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/cat_scan/article.htm" target="_blank">CT scan</a> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">of his head
and it gave the doctor and his family a very clear picture of a congenital problem
and how it could be corrected with surgery. My concern is that in taking the CT
scan, multiple X-rays were taken so they could be combined in a computer to give
2-dimensional slices through the head – see picture on left. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9ycQ7thK1zv5y7LHVBzcel3rU6-yROM2E6WV6b24ylWLzbfRTExoAf5n6a9xEGsdv4c31PVoONR0snUIOaXPxQzIU2jZT6P-KOuldanN2-RpIfoPPWsG_nl5widdXboOQhtykS2bxbbo5/s1600/spectrum.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="161" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9ycQ7thK1zv5y7LHVBzcel3rU6-yROM2E6WV6b24ylWLzbfRTExoAf5n6a9xEGsdv4c31PVoONR0snUIOaXPxQzIU2jZT6P-KOuldanN2-RpIfoPPWsG_nl5widdXboOQhtykS2bxbbo5/s400/spectrum.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">X-rays are just like any other
kind of light (called electromagnetic radiation) but our eyes are only
sensitive to the visible part of the spectrum and, as shown, x-rays are in the
invisible range with short wavelengths and very high energy. Ordinary light
doesn’t have enough energy to penetrate flesh but x-rays do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Notice in the x-ray of the hand, however, that the x-rays are stopped
by bone and partly absorbed as they pass through the flesh.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-right: 2.1pt;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMyu6VVsaEzUP_EW3SQKQ7F9y332vrfTfrNDp9mN15MG4ZdqTFSskCbjR3qGa7DlCE988V5baUjZ_DFMmiVIeFh2brzEDDyEynV0ZbcBOWBO5NDqcnoR1ocJ8nctbNmnZb0AASWYDV1NrW/s1600/x+ray.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMyu6VVsaEzUP_EW3SQKQ7F9y332vrfTfrNDp9mN15MG4ZdqTFSskCbjR3qGa7DlCE988V5baUjZ_DFMmiVIeFh2brzEDDyEynV0ZbcBOWBO5NDqcnoR1ocJ8nctbNmnZb0AASWYDV1NrW/s200/x+ray.jpeg" width="155" /></a></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; text-transform: none;">We know that
when X-rays are absorbed in the body, their energy is released and it is
transferred to an electron that can rip through a cell, tearing electrons from
all sorts of atoms it meets, like a billiard ball spreading its energy to other
balls on the table. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none;">Usually the human body is good at repairing itself but on
rare occasions the damage may create the starting</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none;">point where
cancer can develop</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">When digital technology became available it eliminated
some of the <a href="http://www.school-for-champions.com/health/x-ray_health_risks.htm" target="_blank">risk</a> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px;">associated with x-rays because a much lower radiation
dose could be used and the digital images had sufficient resolution so that
they could be manipulated on a computer to obtain detailed information from
them.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Thus i</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt;">t is now really quite safe to have the infrequent low dose x-rays taken
at the dentists or in hospital? </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt;">However,
studies show that </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">children are more sensitive to radiation, and they
should have a CT scan only if it is essential for making a diagnosis and they should
not have repeated CTscan unless absolutely necessary.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt;">I
plan to write another post next week to look into other types of medical
imaging and what risks are associated with them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Rie</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: JA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<!--EndFragment--></div>
Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990359480333076000.post-10070410646407292302012-09-30T07:29:00.002-07:002012-09-30T10:27:08.193-07:00Old Age<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<!--StartFragment-->
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqAcXES2JSR8sncdn_KdOffpRP-t4As9QIFUtGOtxBCrQA03ZSYNzOswZ1wwoIy0tYLHDbGmrRZiiSHB13LxTsABAvUL5j4OUmRw4UhYA6j0P10XT7UHPVXbwHLEeWtEEZX2DVjIq2XXl2/s1600/age-16.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqAcXES2JSR8sncdn_KdOffpRP-t4As9QIFUtGOtxBCrQA03ZSYNzOswZ1wwoIy0tYLHDbGmrRZiiSHB13LxTsABAvUL5j4OUmRw4UhYA6j0P10XT7UHPVXbwHLEeWtEEZX2DVjIq2XXl2/s320/age-16.gif" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 14.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: JA;">Be careful about reading health books. You may die of
a misprint</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: JA;">. <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">
Mark Twain</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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The more scientists learn, the better trained medical
doctors become and the better the instruments invented for coming up with early
diagnoses and treatment, the greater the probability that people who take
reasonably good care of themselves are going to live into old age. Statistics
are showing that it’s happening already so I thought I’d write a blog post as
one who has a little experience.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
I think that after you get past 85 you can start to
consider yourself old aged. That was the year I began to feel ‘old’ as I was
realizing things about myself I wouldn’t have even thought of when I was
young.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I found that gradually it was becoming
more difficult to move, energies were becoming more limited and to even run out
some days, and sleeping was taking up more time. </div>
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<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOKlIZV4ADdCNtafLESZtBLsBc7f73T_eEErc_nvw4JbailQuFpGVE3QNwAJ7_0FCgJmkkeO83Pl5k3qh7zWTEUaoZB-O98HLq2-Rr_Ypyq9UmZ0sikaHf7P5ixhYcXp6EjfGVhSvaf4Nf/s1600/toon422.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOKlIZV4ADdCNtafLESZtBLsBc7f73T_eEErc_nvw4JbailQuFpGVE3QNwAJ7_0FCgJmkkeO83Pl5k3qh7zWTEUaoZB-O98HLq2-Rr_Ypyq9UmZ0sikaHf7P5ixhYcXp6EjfGVhSvaf4Nf/s320/toon422.gif" width="309" /></a>I am aware that everyone is different but when I was young, I
used to group all old people together and think that you could pretty well
write them off by the time they were in their 80’s. After all I was mostly conforming
to the attitudes that our North American culture has. Approaching 88, I behave
as if I’m not to be ‘written off’ and truth be told I find most people if not
respectful, are very solicitous and helpful. I am all for the way that Native
people and those in Asian cultures treat their elders - with respect. Still, I think
respect must be earned.<br />
<br />
I didn’t ever expect I would reach this age – I’ve
had more that my fair share of health problems, mostly heart and arterial problems that not many years ago would have killed me. Lately it’s mostly my stomach that has been giving me grief - as I know it
does with in many others my age. Winston Churchill must have been one of us –
he is quoted as saying ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Don't worry
about avoiding temptation. As you grow older, it will avoid you</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: JA;">’</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: JA;">. </span> I’ve been told
by my health food consultant however, that eating fermented foods is very good
for old people so I have started eating sauerkraut, more cheeses, yoghurt and
<a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2011/10/kefir.html" target="_blank">kefir</a>, <a href="http://rieson.blogspot.ca/2012/03/sprouting-seeds.html" target="_blank">sprouted grains</a>, and best of all, beer and wine!</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The most important things in my life, besides meaningful
relationships, have always been time, energy to do what I wanted. And what I
want is like an unquenchable thirst to continue to learn and understand. I
have lived through a flowering of science that continues to give insights into our
roots as humans that run deep into the evolutionary millennia that have shaped
us. So one of the best things about old age I find is that less and less is
expected of me so I have more time. At first I felt guilty about not helping
with household chores so much but I have been told by my daughters, wise souls,
that I should convert my guilt into gratitude and give others the ‘pleasure’ of
serving me.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Truth be told, I find that the older I get the sweeter life
becomes. This past summer shimmers in my memory because my senses seemed heightened.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was very aware of bird songs that seemed so melodious, flowers were a delight to the eye, sparkling and rippling water seemed more amazing–
all this probably because unconsciously I realized there is less future time to
enjoy them. That makes me live in the moment more, realizing fully that it is <u>always
now</u>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rie<o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment--></div>
Riehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06454906767392768536noreply@blogger.com1